Linear programming - LP

Japanese: 線形計画法 - せんけいけいかくほう(英語表記)linear programming; LP
Linear programming - LP
A mathematical programming method, the most basic one. It is also called linear programming. It is a method of finding the optimal plan by solving simultaneous linear expressions (first-order equations) to achieve a certain purpose under several constraints. Research on it began in the late 1930s but did not attract much attention. In 1947, American mathematician George B. Dantzig invented the simplex method, which is still used today as the most basic calculation method, and it quickly spread. Various constraints are expressed as linear equations that show their mutual relationships, and the values ​​of each condition are found that maximize or minimize the value of the function (also expressed linearly) that evaluates the target plan. It is called linear programming because the equations that represent the functions are all linear and can be expressed as straight lines on a plane. It was originally developed in the military field, but it is widely applied to real problems such as production problems with many resource constraints, optimal personnel allocation problems, and transportation plans, and computers are generally equipped with programs that perform calculations using linear programming.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
数理計画法の一手法で,最も基本的なもの。リニア・プログラミングともいう。いくつかの制約条件のもとで,ある一定の目的を達成するために,連立の線形式 (1次式) を解くことにより,最適な計画を求めること。1930年代後半に研究が始まったが注目されることはなく,1947年にアメリカ合衆国の数学者ジョージ・B.ダンツィークが,今日でも最も基本的な計算法として用いられているシンプレックス法を考案し,急速に広まった。各種の制約条件を相互の関係を示す線形の式で表し,目的の計画を評価する関数 (これも線形で表す) の値が最大または最小になるような各条件の値を求める。関数を表す式がすべて線形であり,平面上の直線で表現されるところから線形計画法と呼ばれる。当初は軍事分野で開発された方法だが,資源に多くの制約のある生産問題,最適人員配置問題,輸送計画など実際問題に広く適用されており,コンピュータにも線形計画法によって計算を行なうプログラムが一般に準備されている。

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