Nobuyuki - Shingyo

A monk from the Sui Dynasty in China. The founder of Sankaikyo. His honorific title was Sankai Zenji. He was from Weizhou (Hebei Province). Born into the prestigious Wang family, he was sensitive and compassionate from an early age. At the age of four, he cried endlessly when he saw a cow struggling to pull a ox cart stuck in the mud. He became a monk at a young age and studied a wide range of sutras and treatises, including the Avatamsaka Sutra, and eventually founded Sankaikyo in pursuit of teachings that were appropriate for the times. Later, at Hozoji Temple in Sagami Province (Henan Province), he abandoned the full precepts, wore only one robe, ate one meal a day, worked, made offerings to the less fortunate, and worshiped monks and laypeople alike. In 589 (the 9th year of the Kaihuang era), he entered the capital of Chang'an by imperial decree, and was invited by Gao Ying, the Prime Minister, to live in the Zhenjaku Temple, where he spread the Sankai sect. He died five years later at the temple. During this time, the Sankai sect rapidly expanded its influence, with five temples established in Chang'an: Kedoji, Komyo Temple, Jimon Temple, Enichi Temple, and Hongshan Temple. However, after Emperor Wen (Yang Jian) ​​banned the popularity of the sect in 600, it was often suppressed, and by the beginning of the Song dynasty it had almost disappeared. He wrote many books (lectures), including Taikonkigyobou (Taikonkigyobou) in 32 volumes (or 36 volumes) and Sankai Buddhism in 4 volumes.

[Kimura Kiyotaka February 16, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国隋(ずい)代の僧。三階教(さんがいきょう)の開祖。敬称は三階禅師。魏州(ぎしゅう)（河北省）の出身。名門の王氏の家に生まれ、幼いころから繊細で慈悲深く、4歳のとき、泥にはまった牛車を引こうとして苦しんでいる牛のようすを見て泣きやまなかったという。若くして出家し、『華厳経(けごんきょう)』など諸経論を広く学び、時代にあった教えを追求してついに三階教を開創した。のち、相州（河南省）法蔵寺において具足戒(ぐそくかい)を捨て、衣一枚をまとい、1日一度の食事をとり、労働に従事し、恵まれない者への供養(くよう)を行い、僧侶(そうりょ)と在俗者を区別なく礼拝(らいはい)した。589年（開皇9）勅命によって長安の都に入り、僕射(ぼくや)（宰相(さいしょう)）の高穎(こうえい)に招かれて真寂寺(しんじゃくじ)に住して三階教を広め、5年後、同寺に没した。この間、長安には化度(けど)寺、光明(こうみょう)寺、慈門(じもん)寺、慧日(えにち)寺、弘善(こうぜん)寺の5寺が置かれるなど、三階教教団は急速に勢力を拡大した。しかし、600年に文帝（楊堅(ようけん)）によってその流行が禁止されて以後しばしば弾圧され、宋(そう)代の初めまでにほぼ滅亡した。著書（講義録）に『対根起行法(たいこんきぎょうぼう)』32巻（あるいは36巻とも）、『三階仏法』4巻など多数がある。

［木村清孝　2017年2月16日］

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