Senkyuu - Senkyuu

Japanese: センキュウ - せんきゅう
Senkyuu - Senkyuu

A perennial plant of the Umbelliferae family (APG classification: Umbelliferae). Native to China, it is cultivated in Japan, but since it does not bear fruit in Japan, the genus cannot be determined accurately. Therefore, the above scientific name is not certain. The stem is erect and 30-60 cm tall, but has few branches. The leaves are soft, pale green, twice trifoliate, compound, with egg-lanceolate lobes and somewhat deep serrations. The basal leaves have long petioles, and the stem leaves are alternate. The base of the petiole of each plant forms a sheath that encases the stem. In autumn, the compound umbels grow at the terminal end, and many small white flowers bloom. There are five petals that bend inward, five stamens, and one pistil. The nodes of the stem underground form irregular lumps 5-10 cm long and 3-5 cm wide, and have a strong, distinctive fragrance. The lump is used as medicine and is cultivated in Hokkaido, as well as in the prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi, Nagano, and Nara in Japan.

In China, the rhizomes of Ligusticum wallichii Franch., a different genus, are called chuanxiong. This species is distributed in Sichuan and Guizhou provinces and is also cultivated. Its correct name was xiangxiong, but the one from Sichuan province is of the highest quality, so it came to be called chuanxiong.

In traditional Chinese medicine, the rhizome is used as a blood purifier, blood replenisher, sedative, analgesic and anti-swelling agent for menstrual irregularities, headaches, joint pain and swelling. It is also used in combination with angelica as an essential medicine for gynecological diseases accompanied by anemia and chills. In addition, chopped rhizomes are put into bags and used in medicinal baths, which have the effect of warming the body and are said to be good for neuralgia. It is said that giving a decoction of szechuan ginseng to the base of a dying pine tree will revive it.

[Motoo Nagasawa November 17, 2021]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

セリ科(APG分類:セリ科)の多年草。中国原産で、日本でも栽培されているが、日本では果実ができないため、正確に属を決定することができない。したがって前出の学名は確実なものとはいいがたい。茎は直立して高さ30~60センチメートルとなるが、分枝は少ない。葉は軟質で淡緑色、2回3出羽状複葉で、裂片は卵状披針(ひしん)形でやや深い鋸歯(きょし)がある。根生葉は長い葉柄があり、茎葉は互生する。いずれも葉柄の基部は鞘(さや)となって茎を包む。秋に複散形花序を頂生し、多数の白色の小花を開く。花弁は5個で内側に曲がり、雄しべは5本、雌しべは1本である。地中にある茎の節部は長さ5~10センチメートル、幅3~5センチメートルの不ぞろいな塊状となり、特有の強い香気をもつ。この塊部は薬として用いられ、日本では北海道のほか、岩手、宮城、長野、奈良の諸県で栽培されている。

 中国では別属のリグスティクム・ワリチイLigusticum wallichii Franch.の根茎を川芎と称している。この種は四川(しせん)省、貴州省に分布し、栽培もされている。正名は芎藭(きゅうきゅう)とよばれたが、四川省産のものがもっとも品質がよいので川芎と称されるようになった。

 漢方では根茎を浄血、補血、鎮静、鎮痛、消腫(しょうしゅ)剤として、月経不順、頭痛、関節痛、腫(は)れ物などに用いる。また、当帰(とうき)を配合して、貧血と冷えを伴う婦人病の要薬とする。なお、民間では根茎の刻みを袋に入れて薬湯に用いるが、体を温める効果があり、神経痛などによいとされる。川芎の煎汁(せんじゅう)を枯れかかったマツの根元に与えると蘇生(そせい)するという。

[長沢元夫 2021年11月17日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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