German physicist. Born in Tallinn, Estonia. He studied medicine at the University of Göttingen, but instead of taking up a public position such as working at the university, he studied natural sciences and became a member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1818. In 1822, he published a paper on his discovery of the phenomenon (thermoelectricity) in which a potential difference occurs between the two ends of a wire made of copper and bismuth, which is joined at both ends and a temperature difference is applied to both ends. This potential difference is called thermoelectromotive force, and is also known as the Seebeck effect. The thermoelectromotive force per degree Celsius is called thermoelectric power or Seebeck coefficient. Thermoelectromotive force is determined only by the type of material (conductor or semiconductor) and the temperature difference, and the thermocouples commonly used today utilize this electromotive force. Seebeck discovered this electrical phenomenon, but he himself considered it to be a magnetic phenomenon. He also studied the rotation of the plane of polarized light in an aqueous solution of sugar. [Takashi Takezawa] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの物理学者。エストニアのタリンに生まれる。ゲッティンゲン大学で医学を修めたが、大学に勤めるなどの公職につかず、自然科学を研究し、1818年ベルリン科学アカデミー会員となった。1822年、銅とビスマスなどを線状にして、その両端を接合し、この両端に温度差を与えると両端に電位差が生じる現象(熱電気現象)の発見に関する論文を発表した。この電位差は熱起電力といい、「ゼーベック効果」ともいわれる。また温度1℃当りの熱起電力を熱電能またはゼーベック係数とよぶ。熱起電力は導体あるいは半導体などの物質の種類と温度差のみによって決まり、今日、一般に使われている熱電対(ねつでんつい)はこの起電力を利用している。ゼーベックはこの電気現象を発見したが、彼自身は磁気現象ととらえていた。このほか糖の水溶液中での偏光面の回転の研究などがある。 [武澤 隆] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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