The idea that God's will takes care of and manages everything in the world, leading it to its ultimate completion. In the Old Testament, the idea of providence is more clearly seen in Genesis (Chapter 22, 8), where Abraham answers his son Isaac, saying, "My son, God himself will provide a lamb for a burnt offering," and in the New Testament, the Gospel of Matthew (Chapter 6, verses 24-34), where Jesus refers to the Father feeding the birds of the air and the lilies of the field. This idea of providence developed in the Greek and Roman world, and was particularly discussed in the Stoics. Emperor Marcus Aurelius, who was a follower of the Stoics, said, "God's works are full of providence" (Meditations). The Church Father Augustine regarded world history as a school of "the true education of mankind" through God's providence (The City of God, Chapter 10, 14), and even the disasters of this world are under God's providence. The Reformer Calvin thoroughly implemented the idea of providence, and saw salvation and annihilation as God's plan. [Takeshi Kato] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
世界のすべてを神の意志が配慮し、管理して終局の完成に導くとする思想。『旧約聖書』においては「創世記」(22章8)で、アブラハムがその子イサクに答えて「子よ、神みずから燔祭(はんさい)の小羊を備えてくださるであろう」と述べた箇所に、『新約聖書』のなかでは「マタイ伝福音書」(6章24~34)で、空の鳥、野の百合(ゆり)を天の父が養うことへのイエスの言及のなかに、より明瞭(めいりょう)な摂理の思想がみられる。この摂理の観念はギリシア・ローマ世界で発達し、とくにストア派において論じられた。ストア派を奉ずる皇帝マルクス・アウレリウスは「神のわざは摂理に満ちている」(『自省録』)と述べている。教父アウグスティヌスは、世界歴史を神の摂理による「人類の真正な教育」の学校とみなし(『神の国』10章14)、この世の災禍すらも神の摂理のもとにあるとした。宗教改革者カルバンは摂理の思想を徹底し、救済と絶滅を神の計画とみた。 [加藤 武] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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