In mathematics, the word cut is used in the following senses: (1) A cut of rational numbers (→ irrational numbers) introduced by J. Dedekind as a way to define irrational numbers. (2) An operation to cut a line bundle or surface bundle with a line or surface, used in projection and perspective correspondence in projective geometry. (3) In a fiber space, when f : A → B is surjective, g : B → A such that f ( g ( x ))= x , that is, the function g taken at the points g ( x ) of the fiber for each x ∈ B, is called a cut or cross section. (4) The word cut is used in mathematical foundations to mean an inference rule equivalent to a syllogism. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
数学において,切断という言葉は以下の意味に用いられる。 (1) 無理数を定義する方法として J.デデキントが導入した有理数の切断 (→無理数 ) 。 (2) 射影幾何学における射影や配景対応の際に使われる線束や面束を線や面で切る操作。 (3) ファイバー空間で,f:A→B が全射のとき,f(g(x))=x となる g:B→A ,つまり各 x∈B ごとにファイバーの点 g(x) をとった関数 g のことを切断または横断面という。 (4) cutという語は,数学基礎論で三段論法にあたる推論規則の意味に使われる。
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