A concept used to express the position of a point on a line, on a plane, in an empirical space, and generally in n- dimensional Euclidean space, with a number or a set of numbers. A mechanism for expressing the position of a point using coordinates is called a coordinate system. Based on this coordinate system, points and numbers or sets of numbers are made to correspond to each other. The coordinates of a point are the number or set of numbers that are made to correspond in this way. The coordinates of a point on a line are one number, the coordinates of a point on a plane are a set of two numbers, and generally the coordinates of a point in n -dimensional Euclidean space are expressed as a set of n numbers. There are also barycentric coordinates using a set of ( n + 1) numbers that satisfy certain conditions, and homogeneous coordinates expressed as a ratio of ( n + 1) numbers, but these also essentially correspond to a set of n numbers. There are Cartesian coordinates, oblique coordinates, polar coordinates, spherical coordinates, cylindrical coordinates, etc. to express the coordinates of a point on a plane or in empirical space. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
直線上,平面上,経験的空間内,一般には n 次元ユークリッド空間内の点の位置を,数または数の組で表わすために用いられる概念。座標によって点の位置を表わすための仕組みを座標系という。この座標系をもとにして,点と数または数の組が対応させられる。点の座標とは,こうして対応させられた数または数の組のことである。直線上の点の座標は1つの数で,平面上の点の座標は2つの数の組で,一般に n 次元ユークリッド空間内の点の座標は n 個の数の組で表示される。また,ある条件を満たす (n+1) 個の数の組による重心座標や,(n+1) 個の数の比で表わす斉次座標もあるが,これらも本質的には n 個の数の組に相当する。平面上または経験的空間内の点の座標を表わすために,直交座標,斜交座標,極座標,球座標,円柱座標などがある。
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