Matteo Maria Boiardo

Japanese: ボイアルド - ぼいあるど(英語表記)Matteo Maria Boiardo
Matteo Maria Boiardo

Italian poet. Born into a Scandinavian count's family close to Reggio Este in Ferrara. His paternal grandfather was a man of letters and his maternal uncle was the famous humanist T. V. Strozzi, he was familiar with the classics and frequented the Este court from an early age. In 1469, he fell in love with a young woman, A. Caprara, and wrote a Petrarchan-style love poem in vernacular that was later compiled in the Book of Love (1476). In 1476, he officially entered the Este family's service as a "companion" of Grand Duke Ercole I. It was around this time that he began work on Orlando in Love, inspired by the court's deep-rooted taste for chivalry tales. Soon after marrying a noblewoman, he served as the magistrate of Modena, and published the first and second parts of Orlando in 1583. In 1587, he was appointed as the magistrate of Reggio, where things were peaceful for a while, but in 1594, the Emilia region was exposed to the army of Charles VIII, who was advancing south along the Italian peninsula, and Boiardo, who was prone to illness, died in Reggio on December 9, 1594, due to the hardships he endured in the turmoil. As a result, his chivalry epic poem was left unfinished after the third part, nine cantos. His other works include pastorals, verse dramas, and translations of Greek classics. It is said that Orlando borrowed the main story and characters from the Carolingian chivalry tales and fused them with the spirit of love and adventure of Brittany (such as the Arthurian legends), and the medieval chivalry tales were culminated in Ariosto's Orlando Furgio, which succeeded it. Moreover, more than a century later, Orlando in Love was translated into elegant Tuscan by F. Berni, and the later circulation of this version through Berni's version should not be overlooked.

[Hiroto Koga]

[Reference] | Orlando the Mad

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの詩人。フェッラーラのエステ家に縁の深い貴族で、レッジョ・ネレミリアに近いスカンディアーノの伯爵家に生まれる。父方の祖父が文人、母方の叔父が高名な人文主義者(ウマニスタ)T・V・ストロッツィという家庭環境のなかで古典に親しみ、早くからエステ家の宮廷に足しげく出入りした。1469年、若い女性A・カプラーラに実らぬ恋を抱き、のち『愛の本』(1476)にまとめられる、俗語によるペトラルカ風の愛の詩を歌った。76年、大公エルコレ1世の「朋輩(ほうばい)」の資格でエステ家に正式に仕える。騎士物語への宮廷の根強い嗜好(しこう)に刺激されて『恋するオルランド』に着手したのはこのころであった。まもなく貴族出の女性と結婚したあと、モデナの行政長官を務め、83年『恋するオルランド』1、2部を出版した。87年、今度はレッジョの長官として赴任、しばらくは平穏に過ぎたが、94年、エミリア地方はイタリア半島を南下するシャルル8世の軍勢にさらされ、病みがちであったボイアルドは、その騒擾(そうじょう)をめぐる労苦のために、94年12月9日、レッジョで世を去った。そのため彼の騎士物語叙事詩は第三部9歌で中断、未完に終わった。作品にはほかに牧歌、詩劇、ギリシア古典の翻訳がある。『恋するオルランド』はカロリング王朝時代の騎士物語から大筋と登場人物を借りて、ブルターニュのそれ(『アーサー王物語』など)の愛と冒険の精神のうちに融合させたものといわれ、これを引き継いだアリオストの『狂えるオルランド』に至って中世騎士物語は集大成されることになる。なお『恋するオルランド』は1世紀あまりののち、F・ベルニの手で流麗なトスカナ語への移し換えが行われ、そのベルニ版による後世の流布も見落とすことはできない。

[古賀弘人]

[参照項目] | 狂えるオルランド

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