Conjugation

Japanese: 接合 - せつごう（英語表記）conjugation

In plants and fungi, gametes, gametangia, or somatic cells sexually fuse together. Gamete conjugation can occur when both gametes are homotypic or heterotypic (both are exemplified in Chlamydomonas), and gametangial conjugation, in which gametes remain inside, is common in molds, while somatic conjugation is seen in conjugative algae such as Spirogyra. In animals, it refers to a type of sexual reproduction seen in ciliated protozoans (Paramecium, Vorticella, etc.), in which two individuals exchange nuclei and then split into two again. In contrast, when two individuals fuse to become a new individual, this is called "copulation." Conjugation also occurs in bacteria, where the one that injects genetic material (DNA) is defined as male, and the one that receives it as female.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

植物および菌類において，配偶子，配偶子嚢または体細胞が有性的に合体融合する現象。配偶子接合には，両配偶子が同型の場合と異型の場合とあり (どちらもクラミドモナスに例がある) ，配偶子を中に含んだままの配偶子嚢接合はカビなどに例が多く，体細胞接合はアオミドロなどの接合藻類に例をみる。動物の場合は，原生動物の繊毛虫類 (ゾウリムシ，ツリガネムシなど) にみられる有性生殖の一型をさし，2個体が核を交換後，また2個体に分れるもの。これに対し，2個体が融合して新しい1個体になってしまう場合を「合体」 copulationという。なお細菌でも接合の現象があり，遺伝物質 (DNA) を注入するほうを雄，受取るほうを雌と定義する。

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