Disasters caused by heavy snowfall. In Japan, snow damage occurs mostly in the areas north of the Chubu region, on the Sea of Japan side, and in western Hokkaido, where heavy snowfall is brought by northwesterly seasonal winds in winter. However, from winter to spring, snowfall caused by low pressure systems passing along the southern coast of Japan can also cause major snow damage on the Pacific coast. The damage caused by heavy snowfall includes traffic disruptions and the resulting disruption of economic activity, as well as the disruption of daily necessities such as fresh food, causing major inconveniences to people's lives. In addition, the excessive labor and expense of removing snow, and injuries from falls during the process, are also burdens on people's lives that cannot be ignored. The collapse of houses and public buildings due to the weight of heavy snow is particularly severe in the Hokuriku region, where snow density is high. If snow density is 0.1 grams per cubic centimeter, 1 cubic meter weighs 100 kilograms, so 1 meter of snow accumulation on a 33.1 square meter (10 tsubo) roof will have a load of 3.3 tons. The gradual movement of snow on slopes causes damage to forest trees, such as bending of the roots, and even on flat ground fruit trees suffer significant damage from sinking under the weight of the snow. Wheat and other plants beneath the snow are worn out by high humidity and temperatures around 0°C, and are susceptible to snow rot. In addition, wet snow that falls when the temperature is around 0°C can cause snow to adhere to electric wires, causing damage such as the toppling of high-voltage utility poles and the resulting power outages. Floods caused by melting snow in early spring are also a form of snow damage. In recent years, notable snow damage was caused by heavy snowfall in January 1963 (Showa 38) (the 38th heavy snowfall) and January 1981 (the 56th heavy snowfall). [Takao Ando] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
多量な積雪によって生ずる災害。日本では、冬季に北西の季節風によって多量の降雪がもたらされる中部地方より北の日本海側、北海道の西部に雪害が多く発生する。しかし、冬から春にかけて、日本の南岸を通る低気圧による降雪で、太平洋側にも大きな雪害を引き起こすことがある。 多量な積雪による被害としては、交通障害とそれによる経済活動の阻害、生鮮食料品などの生活物資の流通が阻まれることによる生活上の支障などが大きい。また雪おろしによる労働の過重や出費、その際の転落などによる傷害もけっして無視できない生活上の負担である。 大雪の荷重による家屋や公共建物の倒壊は、密度の大きな北陸地方の場合にとくに大きい。雪の密度を1立方センチメートル当り0.1グラムとすると、1立方メートルで100キログラム、したがって1メートルの積雪では33.1平方メートル(10坪)の屋根では3.3トンの荷重となる。 斜面の積雪の緩やかな移動で、林木などは根曲がりの害を生じ、また平地でも果樹などは、積雪の重さからくる沈みによる折損も大きい。積雪の下のムギなどは多湿と0℃前後の気温のために消耗して、雪腐(ゆきぐされ)病に冒される。そのほか、0℃前後のときに降る多湿な雪により電線着雪を生じ、高圧線電柱などの倒伏の害や、それに伴う停電の害がある。また春先の融雪洪水も雪害である。近年では1963年(昭和38)1月(三八豪雪(さんぱちごうせつ))、81年1月(五六豪雪(ごうろくごうせつ))の豪雪による雪害が顕著であった。 [安藤隆夫] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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