Glossitis - Glossitis

Japanese: 舌炎 - ぜつえん（英語表記）Glossitis

What is the disease?

This is a general term for inflammation of the tongue. There are some findings specific to the tongue, but they can also affect the gums and cheek ( today ) It is often seen in conjunction with inflammation of the mucous membrane.

Causes and symptoms

Some cases are caused by local factors, while others occur as an oral symptom accompanying a systemic disease.

1) Local causes

Attrition ( This ) Teeth or teeth that have been worn down or broken Prosthetics ( Hot spots ) This is a traumatic inflammation caused by contact of the tongue mucosa with a sharp object or by being burned by hot food. Immediately after such stimulation, the tongue mucosa turns red and Burning sensation ( Shakunetsu ) A tingling pain appears, but if the irritation continues it can progress to an erosion or ulcer, and cause a secondary infection.

In addition, bacteria can infect damaged areas of the tongue mucosa due to food or other causes, Tongue abscess ( Use of the utmost care ) Aphthae (shallow ulcers) may also appear on the tongue, and several aphthae may form at the same time. Healing ( Yugo ) If the lesion becomes large, inflammation will occur in the surrounding area and the condition will become aphthous stomatitis, causing severe pain.

② Glossitis associated with systemic disease

These include viral diseases, pernicious anemia (megaloblastic anemia), and iron deficiency anemia.

Infection with herpes or AIDS viruses can cause inflammation of the entire oral mucosa, including the tongue. If a secondary infection occurs, the inflammatory picture becomes even more complex.

Vitamin _B12 and Folic acid ( Yousan ) In pernicious anemia caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone, Hunter-Meller glossitis is seen. In the early stages, the papillae of the tongue become red and have a burning sensation, but gradually the papillae atrophy ( Ishku ) Red and smooth Smooth Tongue ( Peaceful death ) It will be.

Iron deficiency anemia can also cause tongue lesions similar to those seen in pernicious anemia, known as Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

In addition, Peeling ( Peeling ) There is a condition called genital glossitis, but this is the name of a symptom and not a disease. Pemphigus ( Temporomandibular joint ) or Pemphigoid ( Rainy day ) appears as one of the symptoms.

Treatment methods

For conditions with local causes, the main treatment is to remove the cause and treat the symptoms, while for conditions with systemic causes, in addition to treating the symptoms, treatment of the underlying disease is required.

Gen Yamane

Glossitis
Glossitis
(throat illness)

What is the disease?

Among stomatitis, the lesions that are mainly limited to the tongue are called glossitis. In many cases, the cause is unknown and treatment is unnecessary, but it is important to be careful because tongue lesions can lead to the discovery of systemic diseases.

What is the cause?

Among the unknown causes or what are thought to be congenital abnormalities are the numerous grooves in the tongue. Fissured tongue ( Factory ) A diamond-shaped protuberance is seen at the back of the tongue. Median rhomboid glossitis ( Public Health Center ) The surface of the tongue appears white and map-like Geographic tongue ( Map of the world ) And more.

In relation to systemic diseases, anemia can cause the tongue to become red and flat. atrophy ( Ishku ) In addition, in a disease called Osler's disease, which causes bleeding throughout the body, red spots are seen on the tongue.

scarlet fever ( Heat ) In cases of bronchitis or Kawasaki disease, a red tongue with strawberry-like bumps is seen, which is called strawberry tongue. In addition, as a result of the proliferation of bacteria that produce black pigment in the mouth, the tongue may appear to have black hairs growing on it, which is called black hairy tongue. When Candida proliferates, whitish lesions appear as spots on the tongue.

Testing and diagnosis

If the condition of the tongue suggests a systemic disease or infection, tests and treatment for that disease will be performed. No active treatment is required for grooved tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, or geographic tongue.

What to do if you notice an illness

In most cases, there will be no problem if you keep your mouth clean by gargling, etc., but it is advisable to be examined by a doctor to check for any systemic illnesses.

Kazunari Ichinomiya

Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな病気か

　舌の炎症の総称です。舌に特有な所見のこともありますが、歯肉や頬(きょう)粘膜の炎症に合併してみられる場合も多くあります。

原因と症状の現れ方

　局所的原因によるものと、全身的疾患に伴う口腔症状のひとつとして発現するものがあります。

①局所的原因

　咬耗(こうもう)（すりへる）や破折で生じた歯や歯科補綴物(ほてつぶつ)のとがった部分に舌粘膜が接触した場合や、熱い食べ物でのやけどによる外傷性の炎症です。これらの刺激を受けた直後は舌粘膜は赤くなり、灼熱感(しゃくねつかん)やぴりぴりした痛みが発現しますが、刺激が続くとびらんや潰瘍に移行し、二次感染を起こします。

　また、食べ物やその他の原因で、舌粘膜の損傷した部位に細菌が感染し、舌膿瘍(ぜつのうよう)（化膿性炎症）を発症することがあります。アフタ（浅い潰瘍）も舌に発現し、同時にできた数個のアフタが癒合(ゆごう)して大きな病変になると、周囲にも炎症症状を伴いアフタ性口内炎となります。この場合は痛みが著しくなります。

②全身的疾患に伴う舌炎

　ウイルス性疾患、悪性貧血（巨赤芽球性(きょせきがきゅうせい)貧血）、鉄欠乏性貧血などがあります。

　ヘルペスウイルスやエイズウイルスの感染で口腔粘膜全体に炎症が起こり、舌にも発症します。二次感染が起こると、さらに複雑な炎症像を示すことになります。

　ビタミンB₁₂と葉酸(ようさん)の欠乏で起こる悪性貧血では、ハンター・メラー舌炎がみられます。初期には舌乳頭が発赤して灼熱感がありますが、次第に舌乳頭は萎縮(いしゅく)して赤く滑らかな平滑舌(へいかつぜつ)となります。

　鉄欠乏性貧血でも、プランマー・ビンソン症候群として悪性貧血と同様な舌病変がみられます。

　そのほか、剥離(はくり)性舌炎がありますが、これは症状名であり疾患名ではありません。天疱瘡(てんぽうそう)や類天疱瘡(るいてんぽうそう)の症状のひとつとして現れます。