…Organisms that can use light directly as an energy source are called phototrophs, whereas those that obtain energy through redox chemical reactions are called chemotrophs. Among chemosynthetic organisms, those that use organic substances such as glucose as electron donors are called chemoorganotrophs, and those that use inorganic substances such as sulfur, ammonia, and hydrogen are called chemolithotrophs. The number of microorganisms living in soil and the ocean accounts for more than half of all living organisms on Earth, and many of them obtain energy through chemical reactions such as the fixation of molecular nitrogen ( N2) and the production of nitric acid by the oxidation of ammonia. … *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "chemosynthetic inorganic oxidizers" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…光を直接エネルギー源として利用できる生物は光合成生物phototrophと呼ばれ,これに対して酸化還元の化学反応を介してエネルギーを獲得する生物を化学合成生物chemotrophと呼ぶ。化学合成生物の中で,グルコースなどの有機物質を電子供与体とする生物を化学合成有機酸化生物chemoorganotroph,また硫黄,アンモニア,水素などの無機物質を利用するものを化学合成無機酸化生物chemolithotrophと呼ぶ。土壌中と海洋に生息する微生物の数は,地球上の全生物の過半数におよぶが,それらの多くは分子状窒素N2の固定やアンモニアの酸化による硝酸の生成などの化学反応によってエネルギーを獲得している。… ※「化学合成無機酸化生物」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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