It is a peptide hormone secreted from the duodenal mucosa and was extracted in 1902 by WM Bayliss (1860-1924) and E.H. Starling. Starling was the first to propose that chemical messengers such as secretin, which are secreted from specific cells and transported through the bloodstream to act on other organs at a distance, be collectively called hormones. Secretin is a peptide consisting of 27 amino acids, produced by S cells (characteristic extracting cells) in the duodenum, and promotes the secretion of pancreatic juice. When stomach contents are delivered to the duodenum, the duodenal mucosa is stimulated by the acid in the gastric juice and the digestive products of proteins and lipids, which causes the secretion of secretin. Secretin enters the bloodstream and reaches the pancreas, where it promotes the secretion of pancreatic juice from the pancreatic duct cells and the bile duct. The bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice makes the duodenum alkaline, which closes the pylorus of the stomach and prevents the stomach contents from being transferred all at once. Once digestion in the intestine is complete, the pylorus opens again and new stomach contents arrive, completing the cycle. In 1981, a genetic engineering group at Wakunaga Pharmaceutical (now Wakunaga Pharmaceutical) deduced the structure of the gene from the amino acid sequence of secretin, chemically synthesized DNA to artificially synthesize the gene, and then introduced it into E. coli, succeeding in having the bacterium produce secretin. [Kikuchi Hirohiko and Koizumi Keiko] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
十二指腸粘膜から分泌されるペプチドホルモンで、1902年にベイリスW. M. Bayliss(1860―1924)とE・H・スターリングによって抽出された。スターリングはセクレチンのように特定の細胞から分泌され血流によって運ばれ、離れた場所にある他の器官に作用する化学的情報伝達物質を総称してホルモンhormoneとよぶことを初めて提唱した。セクレチンは27個のアミノ酸からなるペプチドで、十二指腸のS細胞(特徴抽出細胞)でつくられ、膵液(すいえき)の分泌を促進する。胃の内容物が十二指腸に送られると、胃液中の酸およびタンパク質や脂質の消化産物によって十二指腸粘膜が刺激され、セクレチンが分泌される。セクレチンは血液中に入り、膵臓に達して膵導管細胞および胆道からの膵液の分泌を促す。重炭酸塩に富んだ膵液によって十二指腸内はアルカリ性となり、胃の幽門が閉じ、胃の内容物が一度に移行してこないようにしている。腸内の消化が完了すると、ふたたび幽門が開き、新たに胃の内容物がやってくるというサイクルをつくっている。1981年(昭和56)湧永(わくなが)薬品(現、湧永製薬)の遺伝子工学グループは、セクレチンのアミノ酸配列から遺伝子の構造を推定、DNAの化学合成を行って遺伝子を人工的に合成したのち、大腸菌に導入して、大腸菌にセクレチンをつくらせることに成功した。 [菊池韶彦・小泉惠子] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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