...Guilds provided mutual assistance to members in the event of illness, death, or misfortune, but in the 16th century in Germany, guilds were formed that dealt only with fires, and this gave birth to public fire insurance (see the Insurance entry). Meanwhile, in England, the first fire insurance company was a physician and builder named Nicholas Barbon (c. 1640-1698) who started a private fire insurance business after the Great Fire of London, which burned down more than 85% of the city of London over four days and nights in September 1666. In America, British insurance companies were at the forefront at first, but in 1752, Benjamin Franklin founded the first fire insurance company, Philadelphia Contributionship. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Barbon, N." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ギルドでは仲間の病気,死亡,不幸などに対しての相互扶助が行われたが,16世紀ドイツでは火災だけを対象としたギルドができ,ここから公営火災保険が生まれた(〈保険〉の項目参照)。一方イギリスでは1666年9月に4昼夜にわたってロンドン市街の85%以上を燃やしつくした大火(ロンドン大火)の後にバーボンNicholas Barbon(1640ころ‐98)という医師・建築業者が個人で火災保険の経営を始めたのが最初である。アメリカでは,当初イギリスの保険会社が中心となっていたが,1752年にベンジャミン・フランクリンによって初の火災保険会社フィラデルフィア・コントリビューションシップPhiladelfia Contributionshipが設立された。… ※「Barbon,N.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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