Darwin's finch

Japanese: ダーウィンフィンチ - だーうぃんふぃんち(英語表記)Darwin's finch
Darwin's finch

A general term for 14 bird species belonging to the family Emberizidae in the order Passeriformes, including six species in the genus Camarhynchus (Darwin's finches), six species in the genus Geospiza (Galápagos finches), one species in the genus Certhidea (Certhidea), and one species in the genus Pinaroloxias (Cocos finch). These finches, which live on the Galápagos Islands and the Cocos Islands, were originally closely related in terms of beak shape, body shape, and color, but evolved from the same lineage to have various beaks due to different diets, mainly grains and insects. They are famous for being an important material in the theory of evolution of the British evolutionist C. R. Darwin, and hence the name. They are considered a typical example of adaptive radiation, and some species are known to use twigs and cactus thorns as tools to eat insects. This species is also known as the Galapagos finches, but one species, the Coco's finch, is not found on the Galapagos Islands, so the strict name for the species is Darwin's finches.

[Kan Sakane]

Beak Differences and Diet of Darwin's Finches
©Tomita Hyakushu ">

Beak Differences and Diet of Darwin's Finches


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鳥綱スズメ目ホオジロ科に属するダーウィンフィンチ属Camarhynchus6種、ガラパゴスフィンチ属Geospiza6種、ムシクイフィンチ属Certhidea1種、ココスフィンチ属Pinaroloxias1種、計14種の鳥の総称。これらは、ガラパゴス諸島とココス諸島にすむ本来は嘴(くちばし)の形や体形、色彩などの点で相互に近縁のフィンチ類が、主として穀食や昆虫食などの食物の食べ分けにより同一系統から種々の嘴に進化した鳥で、イギリスの進化論者C・R・ダーウィンがその進化論の重要な材料としたことで有名で名の由来となっている。適応放散の典型的実例とみられ、なかには小枝やサボテンの刺(とげ)を道具に使って昆虫などを食べる種がいることでも知られる。この類にはガラパゴスフィンチの別名もあるが、そのうちの1種ココスフィンチはガラパゴス諸島には分布していないので、類の厳密な名称としてはダーウィンフィンチのほうが適切である。

[坂根 干]

ダーウィンフィンチ各種の嘴の相違と食物
©冨田百秋">

ダーウィンフィンチ各種の嘴の相違と食物


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