Coal gas - sekitangasu (English spelling) coal gas

Japanese: 石炭ガス - せきたんがす(英語表記)coal gas
Coal gas - sekitangasu (English spelling) coal gas

In the broad sense, it is a general term for gases produced by coal, but in the narrow sense, it refers to gas obtained by high-temperature carbonization of coal. Coal gas was used in gas lamps that were installed in Yokohama in 1872 (Meiji 5), which marked the beginning of its industrial use in Japan. In the early days, it was produced using gas retorts (heating vessels for carbonization). Most gas obtained by high-temperature carbonization today is produced in coke ovens, so it is also called coke oven gas (COG). It is mainly composed of 50% hydrogen and 30% methane, and contains small amounts of carbon monoxide, nitrogen, heavy hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide. Its calorific value is about 17 to 21 megajoules per cubic meter. Until the mid-1950s, it was used as the main raw material for city gas, but by the 1970s, it was mostly used only as fuel in steelworks and for power generation.

In anticipation of fuel cell vehicles becoming more common in the coming age of hydrogen energy, hydrogen production from coal gas has begun. High-purity hydrogen (99.9999%) is produced by separating and refining the hydrogen in the gas using the pressure swing adsorption method (PSA method). In Japan, hydrogen stations have been supplying hydrogen, albeit on a small scale, since 2004.

[Akira Tomita]

[References] | Clean coal technology | Coke oven | Coal gasification | City gas

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義には石炭に関連してできるガスの総称であるが、狭義には石炭の高温乾留で得られるガスをさす。1872年(明治5)横浜に点じられたガス灯に使われたのは石炭ガスであり、これが日本での工業的利用の始まりであった。初期はガスレトルト(乾留用加熱容器)を用いて製造されていた。現在の高温乾留で得られるガスはほとんどコークス炉で製造されるものなので、コークス炉ガスcoke oven gas(COG)ともよばれる。水素50%、メタン30%を主成分とし、一酸化炭素、窒素、重炭化水素、二酸化炭素を少量ずつ含む。発熱量は1立方メートル当り17~21メガジュール程度である。昭和30年代なかばまでは都市ガスの主原料として用いられたが、昭和50年代になるとそのほとんどが製鉄所内の燃料や発電用として用いられるだけとなった。

 燃料電池自動車が今後の水素エネルギー時代に普及することを期待して、石炭ガスからの水素製造が始まっている。ガス中の水素を圧力スイング吸着法(PSA法。PSA=pressure swing adsorption)により分離・精製して高純度水素(99.9999%)を製造するもので、日本では2004年(平成16)から小規模ながら実際の水素ステーションで供給されている。

[富田 彰]

[参照項目] | クリーンコールテクノロジー | コークス炉 | 石炭ガス化 | 都市ガス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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