Sodium nitrate - Sodium nitrate

Japanese: 硝酸ナトリウム - しょうさんなとりうむ(英語表記)sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrate - Sodium nitrate

Nitrate of sodium. Also known as sodium nitrate. It is naturally found as Chilean saltpeter on the Pacific coast of South America. In the past, it was used directly or after purification, but today it is mainly produced by the neutralization reaction of nitric acid with sodium hydroxide (or sodium carbonate). It is a colorless crystal. It is hygroscopic and dissolves well in water even at room temperature, but its solubility increases significantly as the temperature rises. When heated, it releases oxygen and becomes sodium nitrite.


At temperatures above 800°C, it rapidly decomposes into oxides.


It is a strong oxidizing agent, classified as a Class 1 hazardous material under the Fire Service Act, and will explode if heated with organic matter. Natural products are mainly used as fertilizers. Synthetic products are used as defoamers and melting point lowering agents for glass, heat treatment agents for metal quenching, in the manufacture of gunpowder, as food additives (coloring agents), and in medicines.

[Torii Yasuo]

[Supplementary Material] | Sodium nitrate (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ナトリウムの硝酸塩。硝酸ソーダともいわれる。天然には南アメリカの太平洋沿岸地帯にチリ硝石として産出する。以前はこれを直接または精製のうえ使用していたが、今日では硝酸と水酸化ナトリウム(または炭酸ナトリウム)との中和反応によって製造されたものが主流となっている。無色の結晶。吸湿性があり、常温でも水によく溶けるが、温度の上昇とともに溶解度は著しく増大する。加熱すると酸素を放出して亜硝酸ナトリウムとなる。


800℃以上になると急速に酸化物に分解する。


 強力な酸化剤で、消防法危険物第1類に属し、有機物とともに強熱すれば爆発する。天然品は主として肥料に用いられる。合成品は、ガラスの消泡剤や融点降下剤、金属焼入れの熱処理剤、火薬の製造、食品添加剤(発色剤)、医薬などに使用される。

[鳥居泰男]

[補完資料] | 硝酸ナトリウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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>>:  Copper nitrate

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