One of the national tax administration organizations. The National Tax Agency was established as an administrative agency in charge of levying and collecting domestic taxes (excluding customs duties, tonnage dues, and special tonnage dues) by separating the tax enforcement side from the Ministry of Finance's Tax Bureau, which had expanded rapidly in order to deal with the chaotic state of tax administration after World War II. This resulted in the establishment of a systematic tax organization consisting of the National Tax Agency, Regional Taxation Bureaus, and Tax Offices. The Ministry of Finance's Tax Bureau is the agency in charge of investigating, planning, and formulating the tax system, while the Ministry of Finance's Customs Bureau and its subordinate Customs Houses are the agencies in charge of investigating, planning, and formulating the system related to customs duties, tonnage dues, and special tonnage dues, as well as their levying and collecting. The Ministry of Finance was renamed the Ministry of Finance on January 6, 2001. Under the National Tax Agency, there are 11 Regional Taxation Bureaus (Tokyo, Kanto-Shinetsu, Osaka, Sapporo, Sendai, Nagoya, Kanazawa, Hiroshima, Takamatsu, Fukuoka, Kumamoto), the Okinawa Regional Taxation Office, and 524 tax offices nationwide. The National Tax Agency is divided into four departments: the Commissioner's Secretariat, the Taxation Department, the Collection Department, and the Investigation and Inspection Department. It plans and proposes tax administration and unifies the interpretation of tax laws, instructs the Regional Taxation Bureaus on this, and supervises the work of the Regional Taxation Bureaus and tax offices. The Okinawa Regional Taxation Office was established on May 15, 1972 (Showa 47) following Okinawa's return to Japan, and has almost the same functions as the Regional Taxation Bureaus, but it is smaller in scale and does not have departments. Tax offices are the frontline administrative agencies that levy and collect domestic taxes, and have the closest ties with taxpayers. Each tax office chief has the authority to levy and collect all domestic taxes within his/her jurisdiction. The structure of the tax office varies depending on the size of the office, but generally, under the chief, there are (1) a general affairs department in charge of coordination within the tax office, general affairs, and accounting, (2) a management and collection department in charge of domestic tax credit management and delinquent tax settlement, (3) a personal tax department in charge of income tax, consumption tax for sole proprietors, and information and documentation, (4) an asset tax department in charge of inheritance tax and gift tax, and (5) a corporate tax department in charge of corporate tax, consumption tax for corporations, withholding income tax, and indirect taxes (the smallest tax offices have a one-division, one-department system consisting of a general affairs department and an investigation department). Each department has a chief tax inspector (chief national tax collector), who supervises about 7 to 10 employees. [Masatoshi Hayashi] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国の税務行政組織の一つ。国税庁は、第二次世界大戦後の税務行政の混乱状態に対処するため急速に機構が拡大した大蔵省主税局から、税務執行面を分離し、内国税(関税、とん税および特別とん税を除く)に関する賦課徴収を担当する行政機関として設置された。これにより、国税庁-国税局-税務署という系統的な税務機構が確立されることとなった。大蔵省主税局は租税制度の調査、企画、立案を担当する機関であり、また、関税、とん税および特別とん税に関する制度の調査、企画、立案およびその賦課徴収を担当する機関として、大蔵省の関税局とその下部機関である税関がある。なお、2001年(平成13)1月6日に大蔵省は財務省と名称変更された。 国税庁の下には、全国に11(東京・関東信越・大阪・札幌・仙台・名古屋・金沢・広島・高松・福岡・熊本)の国税局、沖縄国税事務所と524の税務署がある。国税庁は、長官官房、課税部、徴収部および調査査察部の4部局に分かれ、税務行政を執行するための企画・立案や税法解釈の統一を行い、これを国税局に指示し、国税局と税務署の事務を指揮監督する官庁である。沖縄国税事務所は、沖縄の復帰に伴って1972年(昭和47)5月15日に創設され、国税局とほぼ同様の機能を有しているが、その規模は国税局より小さく、部は置かれていない。 税務署は、内国税の賦課徴収を行う第一線の行政機関で、納税者ともっとも密接なつながりをもつところである。各税務署長はそれぞれの管轄区域内で、すべての内国税の賦課徴収を行う権限をもっている。その機構は規模の大小によって異なっているが、一般的には署長の下に、(1)税務署内の調整、庶務、会計事務を担当する総務課、(2)内国税の債権管理事務、滞納整理事務を担当する管理・徴収部門、(3)所得税、個人事業者の消費税および資料情報事務を担当する個人課税部門、(4)相続税、贈与税を担当する資産課税部門、(5)法人税、法人の消費税、源泉所得税および間接諸税を担当する法人課税部門が置かれている(もっとも小規模な税務署においては、総務課と調査部門の1課1部門制がとられている)。各部門には、統括国税調査官(統括国税徴収官)が置かれており、おおむね7~10人の職員を統括している。 [林 正寿] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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