Heat exchanger

Japanese: 熱交換器 - ねつこうかんき（英語表記）heat exchanger

A general term for equipment that transfers and exchanges thermal energy between two fluids with a temperature difference to cool a high-temperature fluid or heat a low-temperature fluid. In the narrow sense, it refers to equipment that exchanges sensible heat between two fluids, and most of these are performed using the principle of a counterflow device. Depending on the application, they are called coolers, condensers, condensers, heaters, preheaters, evaporators, etc., depending on the application. A typical heat exchanger is a type called a once-through or partition type heat exchanger, in which two fluids flow on both sides of a solid wall (usually metal) and directly exchange heat through the wall. In contrast, there is also an operation in which a high-temperature liquid is first brought into direct contact with a certain solid such as a packing material to increase the heat capacity of the solid, and then energy is transferred from the solid to the fluid through a low-temperature fluid, and this device is called a regenerative (or regenerative) heat exchanger. There are also direct contact type heat exchangers in which two fluids that do not mix with each other are directly contacted to increase the heat capacity of the solid or to prevent scale from adhering to the partition. Heat exchangers are classified by flow method into parallel flow type, where the flow direction is parallel and uniform, counterflow type, where the flow direction is opposite, and cross flow type, where the flow direction is perpendicular, as well as by type into shell-and-tube type, double tube type, spiral type, plate type, finned type, honeycomb type, etc.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

温度差のある2流体の間で熱エネルギーの移動・交換を行わせて，高温流体の冷却または低温流体の加熱を行う装置の総称。狭義には，2流体間の顕熱の交換を行うものをいい，その多くは向流装置の原理を用いて行われる。用途に応じて，冷却器，凝縮器，復水器，加熱器，予熱器，蒸発器などと呼ぶ。通常の熱交換器は貫流式または隔板式熱交換器と呼ばれる方式のもので，これは固体壁 (一般には金属) の両側に接して2流体を流動させ，壁を通して直接熱量の授受を行わせるものである。これに対し，充填物のようなある種の固体にまず高温液体を直接接触させ，固体の熱容量を高めておいて，次いで低温流体を通し固体から流体にエネルギーを伝えるという操作もあり，その装置を蓄熱式 (または再生式) 熱交換器という。さらに単位体積あたりの熱交換器をふやしたり，隔壁へのスケールの付着を除外するため，互いに混合しない2流体を直接に接触させる直接接触式熱交換器もある。熱交換器は流動方式から，流れの向きが平行で同一な並流型，逆向きの向流型，流れの向きが直交する直交流型などに，また形式の点から，シェルアンドチューブ型，二重管型，渦巻型，プレート型，フィン付き型，はちの巣型などに分類される。

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