Based on the Public Finance Act or each Special Account Act, these securities are issued to make up for temporary financial shortfalls caused by the time lag between receipt and payment of fiscal funds, and are usually redeemed within the same fiscal year or within one year. There are three types: Ministry of Finance securities issued at the expense of the general account, food securities (rice certificates) and foreign exchange fund securities (tame-ken) issued at the expense of the Food Control Special Account and the Foreign Exchange Fund Special Account. Note that Ministry of Finance securities were called "kuraken" during the Ministry of Finance era. Government short-term securities are issued by a fixed-rate public offering method, and if the amount of subscriptions does not reach the total amount to be issued, the Bank of Japan will take over the remaining amount. The conditions for issue are a discount issue method, and this discount rate is set by the Minister of Finance to reflect the financial situation at the time, but it is often set at a level roughly linked to the official discount rate and slightly lower than it. The issue limit is set based on a resolution of the Diet each fiscal year. In principle, bonds are issued with a maturity date of 60 days, but if there is a surplus in financial resources, they may be redeemed early without waiting for the maturity date. The outstanding balance of government short-term bills fluctuates daily depending on the surplus or shortage of funds in the national treasury. Treasury bills are related to the seasonal fluctuations in treasury receipts and payments, food bills have seasonal fluctuations corresponding to domestic rice buying and selling, and foreign exchange fund bills are basically related to foreign currency reserves. The ratio of public offerings to the amount issued is very low, and most of it is underwritten by the Bank of Japan, but a considerable amount of it is held by the Fund Management Department and other organizations for the management of surplus funds. Recently, the Bank of Japan and other institutions have been trying to use it as part of their monetary policy to adjust short-term funds, similar to the U.S. treasury bill market. [Tsuguo Fujino] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
財政法または各特別会計法に基づいて、財政資金の受払いの時間的なずれによって生じる財政上の一時的資金不足を補う目的で発行され、通常その年度内または1年以内に償還される証券をいう。一般会計の負担によって発行される財務省証券と、食糧管理特別会計、外国為替(かわせ)資金特別会計それぞれの負担によって発行される食糧証券(糧券)、外国為替資金証券(為(ため)券)の3種類がある。なお、財務省証券は大蔵省時代には蔵券(くらけん)とよばれていた 政府短期証券の発行残高は、国庫における資金過不足の状況に応じて日々変動する。財務省証券については国庫金受払いの季節波動と関係があり、食糧証券については国内米売買に対応した季節波動があり、外国為替資金証券についても基本的に外貨準備高と関連がある。発行額に対する公募の比率は非常に低く、ほぼ日本銀行引受けの形になっているが、そのうちの相当額は資金運用部などによって余裕資金運用のために保有されている。 最近では、日本銀行などが、金融政策の一環として、アメリカのTB(treasury bill)市場のように短期資金の調整のために利用しようとしている。 [藤野次雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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