Escolar - Escolar (English spelling)

Japanese: アブラソコムツ - あぶらそこむつ(英語表記)escolar
Escolar - Escolar (English spelling)

A marine fish belonging to the family Acanthidae in the order Perciformes of the class Osteichthyes. It is found in temperate and tropical waters around the world, and in Japanese waters it is found on the Pacific coast of southern Japan. It reaches a total length of 1.5 meters, weighs 45 kilograms, and is black in color. There is a protuberance in the center of the caudal peduncle, with other protuberances above and below it. Its lateral line curves greatly in a wavy pattern from dorsoventrally to ventrally, and it has two types of scales, large and small, with the large scales surrounded by the small scales, giving it other notable characteristics. It lives in the deep sea during the day and surfaces at night to be caught using tuna longlines and other methods. It is dried and processed into feed for farmed fish and livestock, but its muscle is 19% fat, 90% of which is indigestible wax, so eating it can cause diarrhea. This wax is an ester of fatty acids and monohydric alcohol, and is found in many species that engage in vigorous vertical movement, such as this species, myctophis, cockroaches, barracudas, and toothed whales. One theory is that the wax helps facilitate gas exchange and regulates buoyancy, even when there is a sudden change in water pressure.

[Akira Ochiai and Kunio Amano]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱スズキ目クロタチカマス科に属する海水魚。世界中の温帯と熱帯海域に分布し、日本近海では南日本の太平洋側でみられる。全長1.5メートル、体重45キログラムになり、体色は黒い。尾柄(びへい)部の中央に隆起が一つあり、その上下に別の隆起がある。側線は背腹へ波状に大きく曲がり、鱗(うろこ)は大小2種類で、大鱗(りん)は小鱗で囲まれるなどの顕著な特徴をもつ。昼は深海にすみ、夜に浮上してマグロ延縄(はえなわ)などで漁獲される。干物にされるほか、養魚や家畜の飼料に加工されるが、筋肉に脂肪分が19%と多く、その90%が消化不良のワックス成分であるため、食べると下痢をおこすことがある。このワックスは、脂肪酸と一価アルコールのエステルで、本種を含めハダカイワシ類、ウケグチダラ、バラムツ、ハクジラ類など、激しい垂直運動をする種類に多いが、これは、急激な水圧の変化でも、ガス交換を円滑に行って浮力を調節するのに、ワックスが関与しているという学説もある。

[落合 明・尼岡邦夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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