Pure and impure

Japanese: 清濁 - せいだく

〘Noun〙① Pure and impure. Clear and impure. ※Sankyo Shiki (around 797) Vol. 1 "Distinguishing between pure and impure, the Supreme Spirit's Right Passage, the Two Rules of Respect, and the Five Elements" ※Taiheiki (late 14th century) Vol. 25 "After the separation of the Yang, one should abstain from pure and impure things " [Zuo Zhuan of the Spring and Autumn Annals - 20th year of King Zhao] ② The high and low sounds and strengths of the notes shown on the musical score when playing an instrument or singing. Also, the ability to distinguish between them. ※Taiki - October 5, 1148 (Kyuan 4) "The Zenko _played the _koto in unison, _and _{when he arrived} later, the Zenko said, "The Minister of State made _one clear _and _one murky, _{and won} over me." ※Kokin Chomonshu (1254) 6 "The five tones were all but clear and murky." [Book of Rites - Music Records] ③ In the pronunciation of words, clear and murky sounds. Also, the distinction between clear pronunciation. (i) In Japanese pronunciation, the distinction between clear and murky sounds. The distinction in pronunciation between when and when the voiced or semi-voiced marks are added to kana. ※Suga Family Books (around 900) 8. Clear and turbid phonology: "In _two (abbreviated) parts of the throat, front of the tongue, fangs, lips and kisses, the clear and turbid are _one ." ※Haiku, Sansatsusho (1702) Wasuremizu: "In matters of clear and turbidity, it is not difficult to clear up the turbid. To make something clear and turbid is shameful." (B) In old Chinese phonology, this is one of the four categories of consonants: clear, next clear, turbid, and clear and turbid. It corresponds to a nasal sound. ④ (━suru) To mark clear and turbid sounds so that the reading and pronunciation can be understood. ※Nippo Jisho (1603-04) "Kya wo xeidacu (seidaku) suru." ⑤ Curved and straight. Good and bad. Good people and bad people. Wise people and fools. Also, superiority and inferiority. ※Azuma Kagami - Kenkyu 6th year (1095) July _2nd "In matters of state affairs and investigation, etc., there are _two types, pure and impure. There are _{some orders} to punish _two fathoms _{and to} punish the _matter ." [Records of the Grand Historian - Preface to the Biographies of Cruel Officials] ⑥ Clear sake and cloudy sake. ※Miscellany - Yanagi Taru - 13th year (1778) "Sharing pure sake and entertaining Hina's sake"

Sumi-Nigori [Clear and cloudy]

〘Noun〙① Clear and impure. Also, the thing itself. By extension, metaphorically, good and evil. Pleasure and pain. Seidaku. ※Jinkyoron (1487) "In the proverbs of the olden days, in the words that are often used, it is said that the corners of the world are filled with grief. Is this really so?" ② Clear sounds and voiced sounds. Seidaku. ※Meigoki (1275) 4 "The corners are impure and not what one thinks. The clear and impure sounds that come naturally from the attraction of the character kami."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 清いことと濁っていること。澄むことと濁ること。※三教指帰（797頃）上「清濁剖判、最霊権輿、並稟二儀、同具五体」※太平記（１４Ｃ後）二五「凡一陽分れて後、清濁(セイダク)汚穢(わえ)を忌慎む事」〔春秋左伝‐昭公二〇年〕② 楽器を奏したり歌ったりする時の、楽譜に示された音の高低や強弱。また、それを聞き分けること。※台記‐久安四年（1148）一〇月五日「禅閤以_レ箏調_二同調_一、後着_レ之、禅閤曰、納言辨_二清濁_一、勝_二于余_一」※古今著聞集（1254）六「清濁のくらゐみな五音をいでず」〔礼記‐楽記〕③ 語の発音で、澄んだ音と濁った音。また、はっきりした発音の区別。(イ) 日本語の発音で、清音と濁音の別。かなに濁点、半濁点をつけない場合とつける場合との、発音上の区別。※菅家文草（900頃）八・音韻清濁「焉在_二〈略〉喉中・舌前・牙歯・脣吻之清濁_一」※俳諧・三冊子（1702）わすれ水「清濁の事、濁るを清(す)むは難なし。すむを濁るは恥也」(ロ) 中国の古い音韻学で、子音を清・次清・濁・清濁の四種に分けたその一つ。鼻音にあたる。④ (━する) 清音と濁音の印をつけて、読み方や発音が分かるようにすること。※日葡辞書（1603‐04）「キャウヲ xeidacu(セイダク)スル」⑤ 曲と直。善悪。善人と悪人。賢人と愚人。また、優劣。※吾妻鏡‐建久六年（1095）七月二日「国務及検断等事、就_二清濁_一、聊有_下令_二尋成敗_一給事_上云々」〔史記‐酷吏伝序〕⑥ 清酒と濁酒。※雑俳・柳多留‐一三（1778）「せいだくをわけてもてなすひなの酒」

すみ‐にごり【清濁】

〘名〙① すんでいることと、にごっていること。また、そのもの。転じて、比喩的に、善と悪。楽と苦。せいだく。※人鏡論（1487）「古き世のことわざに、いやしきがちまたの言葉に、世のすみにこりをしるといふ事誠なる哉」② 清音と濁音。せいだく。※名語記（1275）四「すみにごりは心ならざる事也。かみの字にひかれて自然にいでくる清濁也」

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