OPEC - OPEC

Japanese: OPEC - オペック
OPEC - OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Founded in September 1960 at a summit of oil-producing countries held in Baghdad by the heads of five countries, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Venezuela. As of 1998, the organization has 11 member countries, mainly from the Middle East, including Venezuela and Indonesia. Its headquarters are in Vienna. Its objective is to stabilize oil prices and adjust production, but in the 1970s it significantly raised prices after two oil crises, regained control over crude oil production and price setting from the majors, and began selling directly. In the 1980s, demand declined and non-OPEC countries entered the market, causing its share to fall to 35% in 1990. It has intense internal conflicts, but has surplus production capacity. After Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, the United Nations imposed economic sanctions on Iraq, banning its crude oil exports.
→ Related topics IEA | Oil dollar | International cartel | Oil industry | Majors

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
石油輸出国機構Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countriesの略称。1960年9月,バグダッドで開催のイラン,イラク,サウジアラビア,クウェート,ベネズエラの5ヵ国の産油国首脳会議で設立。加盟国は中東諸国を中心にベネズエラ,インドネシアなど11ヵ国(1998年)。本部ウィーン。石油の価格安定と生産調整を目的としているが,1970年代には2度の石油危機を通じて価格を大幅に引き上げ,メジャーから原油の生産・価格決定権を奪回し,直接販売を行うようになった。1980年代には需要の減少と非OPECの国々の進出でシェアが低下し,1990年には35%にまで下がった。内部対立が激しいが,余剰生産力がある。1990年イラクによるクウェート侵攻後,国連はイラクに原油輸出禁止の経済制裁を課している。
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