Ecological niche

Japanese: 生態的地位 - せいたいてきちい(英語表記)ecological niche
Ecological niche
A basic concept in animal ecology, also called niche, which embodies what C. Darwin called "a position in the economy of nature". CS Elton defined it as an animal's biological position in the environment, its relationship to food and enemies. GE Hutchinson used population theory to present the concept of a multidimensional niche, which expands the response of a population to all environmental conditions into n dimensions. The theory of ecological niches seeks to clarify the quantitative relationships between competing species, the distribution of species in relation to available resources, and the conditions under which species evolve and coexist. In anthropology, F. Bass applied this concept to his fieldwork data and analysis in the Swat Valley of the Hindu Kush. He explained that two ethnic groups with completely different lifestyles, separated by an upper limit of double cropping, occupy ecological niches adapted to their respective natural environments, and that the two are in a social symbiotic relationship.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
動物生態学の基本的概念でニッチともいい,C.ダーウィンが「自然の経済における地位」と呼んだものを,具体化した概念。 C.S.エルトンは,その動物の生物学的環境における位置,その食物ならびに敵に対する諸関係と定義した。 G.E.ハッチンソンは,集合理論を用いて,あらゆる環境条件に対する個体群の反応を n次元に展開した多次元的地位の概念を示した。生態的地位の理論は,競争種の間の量的関係,利用できる資源に照らし合わせた種の分布,種が進化し共存する条件を明確にしようとするものである。人類学では F.バースが,ヒンドゥクシュのスワート渓谷におけるフィールドワークの資料とその分析にこの概念を援用した。彼は,二毛作の上限を境に全く別の生活様式を取る2つの民族がそれぞれの自然環境に適応した生態的地位にあり,両者は社会的共生関係にあると説明した。

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