Mobile - Mobiru (English spelling) mobile

Japanese: モビール - もびーる(英語表記)mobile
Mobile - Mobiru (English spelling) mobile

A sculpture that actually moves. While traditional sculptures have been still figures that suggest a sense of movement, mobiles are three-dimensional sculptures that actually move in space and change over time. Generally, moving artworks are collectively called "kinetic art," but mobiles often refer to works that move in response to natural forces, especially wind and atmospheric vibrations. The prototype can be traced back to the experiments of Russians Tatlin and Rodchenko in the 1910s, but the name mobile was coined in 1923 in relation to the moving sculptures of American sculptor Calder. It was this sculptor who devoted himself to creating "moving sculptures" and popularized them to the general public. Except for a period in the early days, most of his works are abstract compositions made of wires supported at one point that maintain a delicate balance in the air and respond sensitively to even the slightest air currents, unfolding transformations through constant movement. These mobiles come in two forms: "hanging mobiles" that are suspended from the ceiling, and "standing mobiles" that are placed on the ground or floor, and as a four-dimensional art that adds a time axis to a three-dimensional object, they are one of the important innovations in 20th century art. The creation of mobiles has spawned many followers, and today they form a part of the contemporary art world, and are widely used not only in fine art but also in interior decoration and craft design.

[Koichiro Ishizaki]

[References] | Kinetic Art | Colder

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

現実の動きを伴う造形作品。従来までの彫刻は静止した像に運動感を暗示するが、実際に空間のなかで運動し、時間的持続において変化をみせる立体造形をいう。一般に動く美術作品を総称して「キネティック・アート」とよぶが、モビールは自然力、とくに風力や大気の微妙な振動に呼応して運動する作品をさす場合が多い。その原型はすでに1910年代のロシアのタトリンやロドチェンコの実験にさかのぼることができるが、モビールの名称はアメリカの彫刻家コルダーの動く造形作品をめぐって1923年に生まれた。「動く彫刻」の創造に専念して世間一般に広めたのはこの彫刻家であり、初期の一時期を除けば、作品の多くは一点で支えられた針金による抽象構成が空中で微妙なバランスを保ち、わずかな大気の流れにも敏感に反応して絶え間ない運動による変幻を繰り広げる。そのモビールには、天井から吊(つ)るされる「ハンギング・モビール」、大地や床に設置される「スタンディング・モビール」の二形態があり、三次元の立体に時間軸を加えた四次元の芸術として20世紀美術の重要な変革の一つである。モビールの創造は多くの追従者を生み、今日では現代芸術の一領域を形成しており、純粋美術ばかりではなく、室内装飾や工芸デザインにも広く応用されている。

[石崎浩一郎]

[参照項目] | キネティック・アート | コルダー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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