Rank and Order - Ikaikunto

Japanese: 位階勲等 - いかいくんとう

In ancient times, it was a kind of status mark, and in modern times, it is a kind of honor system. In ancient Japan, instead of the traditional hereditary clan and surname system, the 12-rank system of crowns and ranks was adopted in 603 as a one-generation status mark, following the example of the mainland and Korean countries. Later, in parallel with the expansion of the government officials' organization, the ranks were subdivided to 13 ranks in 647, 19 ranks in 649, 26 ranks in 664, and 48 ranks for ministers alone in 685. In 701, the Taiho Code established 4 ranks for princes, 30 ranks for kings and ministers, and 12 orders of honor for military officers. The ranks and orders were also adopted by the Meiji government, with 16 ranks from Sho and Ju, 1st to 8th, awarded to Japanese people other than the imperial family according to the status and achievements of the official position, and orders of honor from the Grand Order to the 8th class were awarded to the imperial family and foreigners. Under the new postwar constitution, the conferring of ranks and decorations on surviving persons was suspended, but in 1964 the conferring of decorations on surviving persons and those who died in battle without any special privileges began again.
→ Related items Rank | Rank field | Family name | Official rank | Medals | Rank | Peerage | Awards | Grand Cordon | Salary | Commendation

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

古代では身分標識の一種，近代では栄典制度の一種。日本古代では従来の世襲的な氏姓制度の代りに，大陸・朝鮮諸国にならい一代限りの身分標識として，603年冠位十二階の制度を採用した。そののち官人組織の充実に並行して，位階は647年に13階，649年に19階，664年に26階，685年に諸臣のみでも48階と細分化し，701年の大宝令で親王４階，諸王・諸臣30階とし，他に武官に対し勲位12等を定めた。位階・勲等は明治政府も採用，位階は正(しょう)・従(じゅ)一位から八位まで16階として官職の地位・功績に応じて皇族以外の日本人に，勲等は大勲位〜勲八等として皇族・外国人にも授与することとした。戦後の新憲法下では生存者の叙位・叙勲が停止されていたが，1964年に特権を伴わない生存者叙勲・戦没者叙勲を開始。
→関連項目位記｜位田｜姓｜官位｜勲章｜地下｜爵位｜叙位叙勲｜大勲位｜年給｜褒章

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