…In this sense, they were just one step away from I. Newton's laws of motion. In response to this, in 1886, G.W. Leibniz, based on the common sense at the time that the force of a moving object must be inherent to the object, proposed that the quantity mv2 represents this "force" and that the sum of this quantity is what is conserved throughout the universe, and called it "vital force vis viva" in contrast to the "dead force vis mortua" that appears in the balance of static mechanics (C. Huygens had also used the quantity mv2 in his treatment of the compound pendulum, but did not particularly emphasize its importance). Leibniz's argument went as follows: … From [Strength]…He defined it as the product of the speed and size of an object, calling it the force of motion vis motus. Leibniz again called this force vis viva, defined it as the product of mass and the square of speed, and criticized Descartes (Wiss-Wiwa controversy). In modern classical mechanics, force is defined as the cause that is applied to an object from the outside and that causes a change in motion (acceleration), so in a sense Descartes' attitude, that is, the idea of constructing force from matter and its state of motion, can be considered the most thorough. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "vis viva" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この意味で彼らはI.ニュートンの運動の法則のまさに一歩手前まで到達していたといってよい。これに対し,86年にG.W.ライプニッツは当時の常識であった〈運動する物体のもつ力は物体に固有のものでなければならぬ〉という考えから,mv2という量こそがこの“ちから”を表し,宇宙全体で保存されるのはこの量の総和であるとし,静力学のつり合いで現れる“死んだ力vis mortua”に対して,これを“活力vis viva”と呼んだ(なお,C.ホイヘンスもこれに先だって複合振子の取扱いでmv2という量を使ったが,とくにその重要性を強調することはしなかった)。ライプニッツの議論は次のようなものであった。… 【力】より…彼はそれを物体の速さと大きさの積として定義し〈運動の力vis motus〉と呼んだ。ライプニッツは,あらためてそうした力を〈活力vis viva〉と呼んで,質量と速さの2乗との積で定義し,デカルトを批判した(ウィス・ウィウァ論争)。現在の古典力学では,物体に外から与えられ,運動の変化(加速度)を生じさせる原因を力として定義するため,ある意味ではデカルトの態度,つまり,物質およびその運動状態から力を構成しようとする発想が最も徹底されている,と考えることができる。… ※「vis viva」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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