A group formed by sports enthusiasts. They often come together through community ties such as the local community, school, or company, and engage in sports activities independently. In addition to team-type clubs where members of the same generation play a single sport, such as youth baseball and soccer, there are many sports clubs within schools and companies (sports clubs and adult teams), and local sports clubs such as moms' volleyball, all over the country. In addition, from 1995, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Japan Amateur Sports Association (now the Japan Sport Association) implemented a nationwide model project for fostering comprehensive community sports clubs that were managed independently by local residents, with participation fees covered by local residents. These were sports clubs that targeted people of all ages, from children to the elderly, and allowed them to participate in a variety of sports according to their individual preferences and skill levels. As of July 2016, 3,586 clubs (including those in the process of being established) had been fostered in 1,741 cities, towns and villages. In addition to these, there are also commercial sports clubs. Many of these are member-only, have instructors, and are equipped with swimming pools, studios, gyms, etc. and are also called fitness clubs, athletic clubs, or wellness clubs. Sports clubs first developed in the 18th and 19th centuries in European countries, primarily in the UK. Initially, they were social gatherings for the leisure class, and many clubs developed as political clubs or organizations with roles such as community service. As a result, many clubs have social functions rooted in the local community, even when it comes to club team activities that are common today. Meanwhile, in Japan, sports clubs exist as organized social physical education activities, and small, single sports organizations have taken root as local teams. The comprehensive community sports clubs developed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology aim to incorporate the social functions seen in Europe into Japanese sports clubs that have developed in this way. [Editorial Department] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スポーツ愛好者が結成する集団。地域社会や学校、企業といった共同体の結びつきによって集まることが多く、自主的にスポーツ活動を行う。少年野球や少年サッカーに代表されるような、同世代で単一競技を行うチーム型クラブのほか、学校や企業内のスポーツクラブ(運動部や社会人チーム)、ママさんバレーなどの地域のスポーツクラブなどが全国に多数存在している。 また、文部科学省と日本体育協会(現、日本スポーツ協会)では1995年(平成7)から9年間にわたり、地域住民が参加費を負担することを前提に、住民自らが主体的に運営する総合型地域スポーツクラブ育成モデル事業を全国的に展開した。これは、子供から高齢者までの多世代を対象に、個々の好みや技術レベルにあわせて、さまざまな種目に参加できるスポーツクラブである。2016年(平成28)7月時点で3586クラブ(設立準備中を含む)が1741の市区町村で育成されている。 このほかに、スポーツクラブとしては商業スポーツクラブがある。多くは会員制で指導者がおり、プールやスタジオ、ジムなどを備え、フィットネスクラブやアスレチッククラブ、ウェルネスクラブなどともよばれる。 そもそもスポーツクラブは、イギリスを中心としたヨーロッパ諸国で18~19世紀に発展した。当初は有閑階級の社交の場であり、政治クラブの性格をもつものや社会奉仕などの役割を担う組織として発達したクラブが多かった。そのため、今日一般的になっているクラブチームなどの活動に関しても、地域に根ざした社会的機能を有するクラブが多い。一方、日本では組織的な社会体育の活動としてスポーツクラブが存在し、小規模で単一のスポーツ競技団体が地域チームとして根づいたという背景がある。文部科学省が展開する総合型地域スポーツクラブは、こうした成り立ちをもつ日本のスポーツクラブに、ヨーロッパにみられるような社会的機能も盛り込むことを目ざしている。 [編集部] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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