A type of rock with a sedimentary structure of biological origin. It is calcareous or siliceous, and consists of laminations several micrometers to several millimeters thick. Its morphology is varied, including mats, domes, bulbs, and columns. Its size ranges from a few millimeters to tens of meters. Most stromatolites are formed by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). However, in some cases, microorganisms other than blue-green algae play an important role in their formation. The laminations characteristic of stromatolites are thought to reflect the growth rate and constituent species of blue-green algae, the type and amount of detrital material supplied, and periodic changes in the formation environment. Stromatolites have been found from Precambrian times to the present day. Filamentous bacteria fossils found at North Pole in Western Australia, approximately 3.5 billion years ago, were preserved in stromatolites. Modern stromatolites have also formed at Hamelin Pool in Western Australia. [Yoshihiro Tanimura] "Fossil Exploration Part 1: From Stromatolites to Drilling Shells" by Yoshio Fukuda (1989, Dobun Shoin)" ▽ "NHK Science Special: Life's 4 Billion Year Journey (1) - Creation from the Sea" by the NHK Research Team (1994, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)" ▽ "Deciphering the History of the Earth" edited by Mineo Kumazawa, Takashi Ito, and Shigeo Yoshida (2002, University of Tokyo Press)" ▽ "Introduction to Earth Science - Planet Earth and the Atmosphere-Ocean System" by Harutaka Sakai (2003, Tokai University Press)" [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生物起源の堆積(たいせき)構造をもつ岩石の一種。石灰質か珪(けい)質で、厚さ数マイクロメートルから数ミリメートルの葉理からなる。形態はマット状、ドーム状、球根状、柱状など変化に富む。大きさは数ミリメートルのものから数十メートルに達するものまである。多くのストロマトライトは藍藻類(らんそうるい)(シアノバクテリア)により形成される。しかし、藍藻類以外の微生物がその形成に重要な役割を果たしているものもある。ストロマトライト特有の葉理は、藍藻類の成長速度や構成種、供給される砕屑(さいせつ)物の種類や量、そして形成環境の周期的変化を反映するものと考えられている。先カンブリア時代から現世まで認められる。西オーストラリアのノース・ポールで発見された約35億年前のフィラメント状バクテリア化石は、ストロマトライトに保存されていた。また、同じく西オーストラリアのハメリンプールでは、現世のストロマトライトが形成されている。 [谷村好洋] 『福田芳生著『化石探検PART1 ストロマトライトから穿孔貝まで』(1989・同文書院)』▽『NHK取材班著『NHKサイエンス・スペシャル 生命40億年はるかな旅(1)――海からの創生』(1994・日本放送出版協会)』▽『熊澤峰夫・伊藤孝士・吉田茂生編『全地球史解読』(2002・東京大学出版会)』▽『酒井治孝著『地球学入門――惑星地球と大気・海洋のシステム』(2003・東海大学出版会)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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