Born: 13 August 1819, Screen, Sligo [died] February 1, 1903. Cambridge British mathematician and physicist. He studied at Cambridge University and became a professor there (1849). He was a member (51), secretary (54), and president (85) of the Royal Society. He is known for many important achievements, including the derivation of Stokes' law of resistance for the motion of bodies in viscous fluids (50), the formulation of Stokes' rotation theorem, a fundamental theorem of vector analysis, the Stokes shift (52) in relation to the wavelength of fluorescent light and the wavelength of absorbed light, the discovery that quartz is transparent to ultraviolet light, the composition and decomposition of polarized light (52), and the explanation of Fraunhofer lines (54). He is best known for his wave theory of light, as seen in the introduction of Stokes' adjoint coefficients, and his theory of the ether as a medium for light. He was awarded the Royal Society's Rumford Medal in 1852, the Copley Medal in 1893, and was knighted in 1889. In addition to a five-volume collection of papers on mathematics and physics, he also published On Light (87) and Natural Theology (91). Stokes |
[生]1819.8.13. スライゴスクリーン [没]1903.2.1. ケンブリッジ イギリスの数学者,物理学者。ケンブリッジ大学に学び,同大学教授 (1849) 。ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員 (51) ,同書記 (54) を経て,会長 (85) 。粘性流体中の物体の運動に関するストークスの抵抗法則の導出 (50) ,ベクトル解析の基本定理であるストークスの回転定理の定式化,ケイ光の波長と吸収光の波長との関係についてのストークスシフト (52) ,石英が紫外線に対して透明であることの発見,偏光の合成と分解 (52) ,フラウンホーファー線の説明 (54) など多くの重要な業績があるが,とりわけ知られているのは,ストークスの随伴係数の導入などにみられる光の波動論とその媒体としてのエーテルに関する理論である。 1852年にロイヤル・ソサエティのランフォード・メダル,93年にコプリー・メダルを受賞したほか,89年にナイトの称号を授与された。5巻から成る数学,物理学論文集のほか,『光について』 On Light (87) ,『自然神学』 Natural Theology (91) がある。 ストークス
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