This law states that "when two or more compounds are produced by the combination of two elements, the amount of one element combined with a given amount of the other element will be in a simple integer ratio." It was proposed by the British J. Dalton in 1803 along with his atomic theory. It is sometimes called Dalton's law, but this should not be used to avoid confusion with Dalton's law of partial pressures. For example, if we compare carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and water and hydrogen peroxide, the amount of carbon that combines with 8 grams of oxygen is 6 grams for carbon monoxide and 3 grams for carbon dioxide. Similarly, if we compare the amount of hydrogen, it is 1 gram for water and 0.5 grams for hydrogen peroxide, both of which are simple integer ratios of two to one. [Yamazaki Akira] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
「2種の元素の化合によって、2種以上の化合物が生成する場合、一方の元素の一定量に対する他方の元素の化合する量は、簡単な整数比となる」という法則。1803年、イギリスのJ・ドルトンが原子説とともに提案したものである。ドルトンの法則とよばれることもあるが、「ドルトンの分圧の法則」との混乱を避けるためには用いないほうがよい。 たとえば、一酸化炭素と二酸化炭素、水と過酸化水素を比べてみると、酸素8グラムに化合する炭素は、一酸化炭素は6グラム、二酸化炭素は3グラム、同じく水素の量を比べると、水では1グラム、過酸化水素は0.5グラムであり、どちらも二対一という簡単な整数比となっている。 [山崎 昶] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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