...Also, when the plural of Balad is used, bilād al-islām refers to the area within the scope of Muslim sovereignty, but this can be said to be related to the awareness of a region as one's own "country" (balad) in relation to foreign powers such as the Crusaders and the Mongol army. For example, in Egypt, it was an old custom to call a Cairo citizen who spoke Egyptian dialect and was manly, ibn al-balad (son of the town), in relation to a foreigner (khawājā). [Sato Tsugitaka]... From Futwa…This practice had fallen into disuse by the 15th century, but the futuwa continued to live on strongly at the level of the common people. In addition to the fact that the professional guilds of the Ottoman Empire were called futuwa, the ideal Egyptian, especially Cairo citizen, Ibn al-Balad (son of the town) from the end of the 18th century onwards had to possess futuwa and murawa in the original sense. This was a characteristic of city dwellers that foreigners and peasants did not have, but this spirit is still preserved as the temperament of Cairo's downtown area to this day. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Ibn al-Balad" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…またバラドの複数形を用いてビラード・アルイスラームbilād al‐islāmといえば,ムスリムの主権が及ぶ範囲の地域をさすが,これは十字軍やモンゴル軍などの外国勢力に対して一地方を自らの〈国〉(バラド)として意識することに通じるものであったといえる。例えばエジプトでは,外国人(ハワーガーkhawājā)に対して,エジプト方言を話し,男気に富むカイロ市民をイブン・アルバラド(町の子)と呼ぶのが古くからのならわしであった。【佐藤 次高】。… 【フトゥッワ】より…この慣行は15世紀ころまでには廃れてしまったが,しかし民衆レベルでのフトゥッワはその後も強固に生き続けた。オスマン帝国時代の職業ギルドがフトゥッワと呼ばれたこと以外に,18世紀末以降のエジプト,とくにカイロ市民の理想像とされるイブン・アルバラド(町の子)は,本来の意味でのフトゥッワとムルッワの持主でなければならなかった。これは外国人や農民にはない都市民の特徴であったが,その精神は現在でもなおカイロの下町気質として保持されている。… ※「イブン・アルバラド」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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