Church of Scotland

Japanese: スコットランド教会 - スコットランドきょうかい(英語表記)Church of Scotland
Church of Scotland
The Church of Presbyterianism in Scotland. According to its creed, it is a part of the Apostolic and Universal Catholic Church. In Scotland, Christianity was introduced by Saint Ninian (c. 400) from the continent and Saint Columbanus (c. 563) from Ireland toward the end of the Roman occupation of Britain, and the so-called Celtic Church was established and developed in close ties with the Church of Rome. The monarchy prevailed In the 16th century, Scotland was under the control of the French royal family, and the Reformation developed in conjunction with the liberation movement. At first it was under the influence of Lutheranism, but later Calvinism became dominant under J. Knox, and there was a long-running dispute over whether to have an episcopal or presbyterian system, especially between the monarchy, which favored the former, and the parliament, which favored the latter. Thanks to the efforts of A. Melville, presbyterianism was recognized in 1592, but similar disputes continued with the monarchy, and in 1638 and 1643, covenants to protect presbyterianism were made between the king and the parliament. However, dissatisfied with the King's breach of the covenant and the compromise made by Parliament, the radical Covenanters left the Church of Scotland. At the same time, overseas missionary work began in the 19th century, with India being the main stage. However, from the 19th to the 20th century, there was a renewed movement towards church unity, and in 1929 the Church of Scotland was united. It is a member of the World Council of Churches, and has been in dialogue with the Church of England since 1932.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
スコットランドにおいて長老制をとる教会をいう。その信条によれば,使徒的,普遍的カトリック教会の一部とされる。スコットランドには,ローマのブリタニア占領末期に大陸からブリタニア人の聖ニニアヌス (400頃) ,アイルランドからは聖コルンバヌス (563頃) らがキリスト教を伝え,いわゆるケルト教会に属する教会が成立,ローマ教会との密接な関係のもとに発展した。王権が勝った 16世紀にはフランス王室の支配下にあり,宗教改革は解放運動と結びついて展開した。初めルター派の影響下にあったが,のち J.ノックスによってカルバン主義が有力となり,主教制か長老制かをめぐって,特に前者をとる王権と後者に傾く議会との間に長い間紛争が続いた。 A.メルビルの努力もあって,1592年長老制が一応認められたが,同様な争いはその後も王権との間に繰返され,1638年および 43年に長老制を守る盟約が王と議会との間に成立した。しかし王の違約とそれへの議会の妥協を不満として,急進的なカベナンター (契約派) はスコットランド国教会を離脱した。それとともに 19世紀には海外への伝道も行われ,インドがその主要舞台となった。しかし 19世紀から 20世紀にかけて再び教会合同の機運が高まり,1929年にスコットランド教会として結集した。世界教会協議会のメンバーであり,32年以来イギリス国教会との対話も進められている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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