The oldest Thai dynasty (c. 1220-1438) was founded by Thai lords who were subordinate to Jayavarman VII of Cambodia, who captured Sukhothai, a town on the northwestern frontier of the Angkor Empire. It is said to be the Xian dynasty in Chinese historical documents. The first king was Si Intrathit. The third king, King Ramakhamhaeng, created the oldest surviving Thai inscription (1292). Under this king, Sukhothai became powerful, and its influence extended to Luang Prabang in Laos, Pegu (now Bago) in Burma (now Myanmar), and Nakhon Si Thammarat (Ligor) on the Malay Peninsula. They accepted Sri Lankan Theravada (Hinayana) Buddhism, and actively built temples and produced Buddhist statues. Influenced by Chinese technology, the pottery industry arose in Sukhothai and its surrounding areas. The products were exported in large quantities to various regions, and are also known in Japan under the name "Song Koroku." In the mid-14th century, with the rise of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the south, the influence of the region gradually declined, and in 1438 it was annexed by Ayutthaya and lost its independence. [Yoneo Ishii] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カンボジアのジャヤバルマン7世に服属していたタイ人土侯が、アンコール帝国の北西辺境の町スコータイを攻略して創設したタイ人最古の王朝(1220ころ~1438)。中国史料の暹(せん)がこれにあたるとされている。初代の王はシーイントラーティット。3代目のラーマカムヘン王は現存する最古のタイ語碑文(1292)をつくった。同王のときスコータイは強大となり、ラオスのルアンプラバン、ビルマ(現ミャンマー)のペグー(現バゴー)、マレー半島部のナコン・シータマラート(リゴール)にまでその勢力を伸ばす。スリランカ系の上座部(小乗)仏教を受容し、盛んに寺院の建築、仏像の製作を行った。スコータイとその周辺には、中国の技術の影響を受けて製陶業がおこった。その製品は各地に大量に輸出され、日本にも「宋胡録(すんころく)」の名で知られている。14世紀中葉、南方にアユタヤ朝が興るとしだいに勢力が衰え、1438年アユタヤに併合され独立を失った。 [石井米雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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