Hipólito Yrigoyen

Argentine politician and president (in office 1916-22, 1928-30). Born in Buenos Aires as the eldest son of Basque immigrants, he worked as a teacher before entering politics. He participated in the founding of the Radical Party in 1891 and held the position of its highest leader since 1996. He relentlessly fought for the realization of an electoral system that was free from interference by the executive branch, and succeeded in amending the 1912 electoral law. He was elected president in 1916 and won the support of the masses with democratic and nationalistic policies such as the expansion of the pension system, university reform, and the establishment of the National Petroleum Corporation (YPF). He resigned from the presidency in 1922 in accordance with the constitutional provision prohibiting consecutive reelections, and was re-elected in 1928, but was unable to resolve the economic and social crisis caused by the Great Depression, and was ousted in a military coup on September 6, 1930.

[Hiroshi Matsushita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

アルゼンチンの政治家、大統領（在任1916～22、1928～30）。バスク系移民の長男としてブエノス・アイレス市に生まれ、教員生活を経て政治の世界に身を投じた。1891年急進党の結成に参加し96年以来党の最高指導者の地位にあった。行政府の干渉を排した選挙制度の実現を求めて執拗(しつよう)な闘争を続け、1912年選挙法の改正を実現させた。16年大統領に選出され、年金制度の拡充や大学改革、国家石油公社（YPF）の設立など、民主的、民族主義的施策で大衆の支持を得た。憲法の連続再選禁止の規定に従って22年大統領職を辞し、28年再選されたが世界恐慌に伴う経済・社会危機を収拾しえず、30年9月6日、軍のクーデターにあって失脚した。

［松下　洋］

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