Surat (English spelling)

Japanese: スラト（英語表記）Surat

A city in the southeastern part of Gujarat state, western India. Located near the mouth of the Tapti River, which flows into the Gulf of Cambay. It has flourished as a trading port since ancient times, and was an important port of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century. At the end of the 16th century, it was ruled by Portugal, and in 1612, the British East India Company established its first trading post in India. The population reached 800,000 at the end of the 17th century, but declined after trade from the west coast was concentrated in Bombay (renamed Mumbai in 1995). It later rebuilt itself as one of the state's leading industrial cities, with thriving industries in cotton, paper, ice, rice milling, silk products, precious metal products, woodwork, carpets, and daily necessities. There is a large textile exchange. It is the cultural center of the eastern part of the state, with a college of Gujarat University. The main railway line runs between Mumbai and Delhi. Population: 2,433,787 (2001).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

インド西部，グジャラート州南東部の都市。カンベイ湾に注ぐタプティ川河口付近に位置。古くから貿易港として繁栄し，16世紀にはムガル帝国の重要な港湾であった。 16世紀末にはポルトガルが支配し，1612年イギリス東インド会社がインド最初の商館を設置。人口は 17世紀末に 80万を数えたが，西岸の貿易がボンベイ (1995ムンバイに改称) に集中してから衰微。その後，州有数の工業都市として再興し，綿工業，製紙，製氷，精米，絹製品，貴金属製品，木工品，カーペット，日用品の諸工業が盛ん。繊維製品の大取引所がある。グジャラート大学のカレッジがあり，州東部の文化の中心地。ムンバイ－デリー間の幹線鉄道が通じる。人口 243万 3787 (2001) 。

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