A general term for the genus Ribes in the family Saxifragaceae (APG classification: Ribes family). Deciduous shrubs are divided into two zones: the Ribes section and the Ribes section. (1) Gooseberry There are several species, collectively known as gooseberry. Flowers grow solitary or in clusters in the leaf axils, and most have thorns on the branches. The wild species R. sinanense F.Maek. ( R. formosanum Hayata var. sinanense Kitam.), rarely found in Nagano, Yamanashi, and Gunma prefectures, is 2 meters tall, has many hairless branches, and has three-lobed thorns in the leaf axils. The flowers are white or pale red, and appear one at a time in the leaf axils around May. The fruits are spherical or elliptical, about 1 cm in diameter, red when ripe, and edible. European gooseberry (also known as English gooseberry) R. uva-crispa L. ( R. grossularia L.) is native to Europe. The fruits are globose or elliptical, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, 1-2 cm high, and red, yellow, greenish-white, etc. when ripe. The branches are short and thick with sharp thorns. The German berries of this species weigh about 8 grams, ripen greenish-white, and are often eaten raw. The red berries turn dark red when ripe. American gooseberry R. hirtellum Michx. is native to America. The fruits are mostly small and globose. Good cultivars have been developed from hybrids between this species and European gooseberry species. Houghton is one of them, resistant to powdery mildew, productive, and the fruits can weigh up to 3 grams. Ripens dark red in July-August. (2) Currant section These are collectively called currants. They flower in clusters from April to May and ripen from July to August. The group of cultivars with red mature fruits is called red currants ( R. sativum Syme) and is the basic cultivated species, native to northwestern Europe. The white- and pink-fruited species are variants of this. The group of cultivars with black fruits is called black currants ( R. nigrum L.) and is native to Europe and Central Asia. They were introduced to Japan in the early Meiji period and are suitable for cultivation in areas with cool summers such as Hokkaido and the Tohoku region. In warm areas, they are cultivated in partial shade. They are propagated by cuttings and layers. In addition to being eaten raw, they are used for juice, jam, jelly, etc. [Muneo Iizuka May 19, 2020] ©Shogakukan "> Currant (gooseberry) ©Shogakukan "> Red currants Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ユキノシタ科(APG分類:スグリ科)スグリ属の総称。落葉低木で、スグリ区とフサスグリ区の2区に分けられる。 (1)スグリ区 グーズベリーgooseberryと総称され、数種がある。花は単生するか、葉腋(ようえき)に束状につき、多くは枝に刺(とげ)がある。長野、山梨、群馬の3県にまれにみられる野生種R. sinanense F.Maek.(R. formosanum Hayata var. sinanense Kitam.)は高さ2メートル、無毛の枝が多数あり、葉腋に3裂した刺がある。花は白ないし淡赤色で、5月ころ葉腋に1個ずつつける。果実は球形ないし楕円(だえん)形で、直径約1センチメートル、熟果は赤く、食べられる。セイヨウスグリ(ヨーロッパスグリ、イングリッシュグーズベリーともいう)R. uva-crispa L.(R. grossularia L.)はヨーロッパ原産。果実は球形ないし楕円形で、直径1~1.5センチメートル、高さ1~2センチメートル、熟果は赤、黄、緑白色などである。枝は短くて太く、鋭い刺がある。この系統のドイツ大玉は重さ約8グラムで、緑白色に熟し、よく生食用とされる。また赤実大玉は熟すと暗赤色となる。アメリカスグリR. hirtellum Michx.はアメリカ原産。果実は多くは球形で、小さい。ヨーロッパ系のスグリと本種との雑種のなかから、よい栽培品種ができている。ホートンHoughtonはそのなかの一つで、うどんこ病に対して抵抗性があり、豊産で、果実は3グラムにもなる。7~8月、暗赤色に熟す。 (2)フサスグリ区 カランツcurrantsと総称される。4~5月に房状に花をつけ、7~8月に熟す。成熟果が赤色の品種群をレッド・カランツ(アカスグリ)red currants/R. sativum Symeといい栽培種の基本種で、ヨーロッパ北西部原産。白色果と桃色果の系統はこの変種である。黒色果の品種群をブラック・カランツ(クロスグリ、カシス、クロミノフサスグリ)black currants/R. nigrum L.とよび、ヨーロッパと中央アジア原産。日本への渡来は明治初期で、北海道、東北地方など夏期に冷涼な地域での栽培に適する。暖地では半日陰地で栽培する。繁殖は挿木、取木などによる。生食のほか、ジュース、ジャム、ゼリーなどに用いる。 [飯塚宗夫 2020年5月19日] ©Shogakukan"> スグリ(グーズベリー) ©Shogakukan"> スグリ(レッド・カランツ) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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