A methodology introduced in the United States in the late 1950s as a result of methodological reflection on conventional economic history research. It is also called econometric history, new economic history, or cliometrics. By boldly adopting quantitative analysis techniques and applying theoretical and empirical methods from economics, it has succeeded in completely destroying or drawing revised conclusions on traditional historical theories based on descriptive historical sources. For example, it presented iconoclastic conclusions to the conventional theories that slavery in America was in decline before the Civil War and that railroad construction was an essential factor in America's economic development. In Japan, in discussions of the Meiji Restoration, evidence has been presented that, in contrast to the conventional theory of discontinuity that distinguishes between the Edo period and post-Meiji society based on political factors, the Tokugawa society prepared the post-Meiji society economically, emphasizing the continuity between the two societies. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
従来の経済史研究に対する方法論的な反省から,1950年代末のアメリカで導入された方法。計量経済史 econometric history,新しい経済史 new economic history ,クリオメトリックス cliometricsとも呼ばれる。計量分析の手法を大胆に取入れ,さらに経済学の理論的・実証的方法を適用することによって,旧来の記述史料に基づく歴史上の定説を完全に破壊したり,修正的な結論を導き出すことに成功している。たとえば,アメリカの奴隷制度は南北戦争以前から衰退の過程にあったとかアメリカの経済発展に鉄道建設は不可欠の要因であったとかいう定説に対して,偶像破壊的な結論を提示した。また日本においても,明治維新をめぐる議論において,政治的要因から江戸時代と明治以降の社会とを区別する従来からの不連続説に対して,経済的には徳川社会が明治以降の社会を準備したという,むしろ両社会の連続性を強調しうる証拠が提示されている。
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