A broad organization of unskilled workers across the boundaries of various industries and occupations as a single labor union. In the UK, the tradition of craft unions was particularly strong, but the organization was limited to skilled workers in the same occupation (job). Workers outside of these organizations, especially in the fields of transportation other than railroads, ports, gas, and commerce, were overwhelmingly unskilled, and there was a lot of transfer of workers, and the organizational boundaries between industries were also difficult to separate. This is why this organizational form was effective. These general unions still exist as huge organizations today and play an important role in the labor movement. In the UK, there are three large general unions: the Transport and General Workers' Union, the General and City Workers' Union, and the Shops and Distribution Union, which account for about 30% of the personnel of the Trades Union Congress (TUC). In the US, there is the largest general union in a capitalist country, the Teamsters (a labor union of truck drivers, about 2 million people). In Japan, where organizations are mainly company-based, there are no large-scale unions, but general unions exist that mainly organize workers at small and medium-sized companies. [Seiichiro Hayakawa] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
各種の産業や職業の境界を超えて、とくに不熟練労働者を中心にこれを単一の労働組合として広範に組織したもの。とくにイギリスでは、職業別労働組合(クラフト・ユニオン)の伝統が強く支配していたが、その場合の組織対象は、同一職業(職種)の熟練労働者に限られていた。その組織対象外の労働者、とりわけ鉄道以外の運輸、港湾、ガス、商業などの領域では、不熟練労働者が圧倒的に多く、しかも労働異動も多く、また産業間の組織的境界も分かちがたかった。それゆえにこの組織形態が有効性をもった。こうした一般組合は、今日でも巨大組織として存在し、労働運動で重要な役割を担っている。イギリスには運輸一般労働組合、一般・都市労働組合、商店・配給関連組合の三つの大きな一般組合があり、イギリス労働組合会議(TUC)の約30%の人員を占めている。アメリカには資本主義国で最大のティームスターズTeamsters(トラック運転手の労働組合、約200万人)という一般組合がある。 企業別組織を主とする日本では、大規模なものはなく、おもに中小企業労働者を組織する一般組合が存在する。 [早川征一郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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