Suiyuan Incident

Japanese: 綏遠事件 - すいえんじけん

In China, it is also called the Suidong War. It was an armed conflict between the Inner Mongolian Army under the leadership of the Japanese Kwantung Army and the Nationalist Government Army that occurred in eastern Suiyuan Province (present-day Inner Mongolia) in China in 1936. The Inner Mongolian autonomy movement, which had been growing since the 1930s, was stimulated by the establishment of Manchukuo (March 1, 1932). In April 1934, the Inner Mongolian Political Affairs Committee (Meng Zhenghui) was established in Bailingmiao, with King De as its center, and the Kuofu granted the committee autonomy over the whole of Inner Mongolia. In January 1936, King De formed the Chahar League under the guidance of the Japanese military, which had long been focusing on the military and strategic value of Inner Mongolia, which led to a conflict with the Kuofu. As a result, the Mongolian Political Affairs Committee split into the Inner Mongolian Military Government centered on King De and the Suiyuan Mongolian Political Association, which was affiliated with the Kuofu, and skirmishes continued between the two. In mid-November of the same year, the Inner Mongolian army, advancing with the support of the Japanese Kwantung Army's air squadron, clashed with Fu Zuoyi's Suiyuan army, but was defeated when the Bailing Temple was occupied later that month. Chiang Kai-shek also sent over 200,000 troops of his central army north in late October to prepare to support the Suiyuan army. In December, the Inner Mongolian army attempted to recapture the Bailing Temple, but was devastated by the Suiyuan army and defeated. Meanwhile, a widespread support-Suiyuan movement was launched under the leadership of the National Association for National Salvation of All Sectors and the National Student Association for National Salvation, and from November onwards, workers' strikes were held one after another in Shanghai, Qingdao, Tianjin, and other places. The Suiyuan incident thus boosted the anti-Japanese movement, and, following the Xi'an incident (12/12/1936), it became a foreshadowing of the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War six months later.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国では綏東戦争ともいう。 1936年中国綏遠省 (現内モンゴル) 東部で起った，日本の関東軍指導下の内モンゴル軍と国民政府軍との武力衝突事件。 1930年代に入って高まった内モンゴルの自治運動は，満州国の成立 (1932.3.1.) に刺激され，34年4月百霊廟には徳王を中心とする内蒙古政務委員会 (蒙政会) が成立し，国府は同委員会に内モンゴル一帯を範囲とする自治権を与えた。 36年1月徳王は，かねてから内モンゴルの軍事戦略的価値に着目していた日本軍の指導のもとに，察哈爾 (チャハル) 盟を結成するにいたったため国府と対立し，その結果，蒙政会は徳王を中心とする内モンゴル軍政府と国府系の綏遠省蒙政会に分裂し，両者間には小ぜりあいが続いた。同年 11月中旬，日本の関東軍飛行隊の支援のもとに進撃した内モンゴル軍は，傅作義の綏遠軍と衝突したが，同月下旬百霊廟を占領され敗北した。蒋介石も 10月下旬，二十数万の中央軍を北上させ，綏遠軍支援態勢を整えた。 12月百霊廟を奪還しようとした内モンゴル軍は綏遠軍に壊滅的打撃を受け，敗退した。一方，全国各界救国連合会，全国学生救国連合会の指導のもとに広範な援綏運動が展開され，11月以来上海，青島，天津などで労働者のストライキが相次いだ。こうして綏遠事件は，抗日運動を高揚させることになり，西安事件 (36.12.12.) を経て，半年後の日中戦争勃発の伏線となった。

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