Generally speaking, it is a specialized tool for identifying a person's intellectual ability, the way they perceive the environment, their motivational patterns, the general characteristics of their personality integration, their role behavior, their self-concept, their values, and the level of anxiety and depression. LJ Cronbach defined a psychological test as "a systematic procedure for observing a person's behavior and describing it in terms of a certain quantitative scale or categorical system," and divided it into two types: those that look at maximum behavior and those that look at typical behavior. Historically, it can be said that it began with JM Cattell, who used the term "mental test" (1890), but today it is expressed as an assessment rather than a test, and it contributes to the accurate direction of consultation, treatment, and education by systematically using specific techniques to understand individuals and groups. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
一般に人間の知的な能力,環境の認知のあり方,動機づけの型,人格統合の一般的な特性,役割行動,自己概念,価値,不安や抑鬱の水準などをつきとめる専門的な道具をいう。クロンバックL.J.Cronbachは〈心理検査とは,ある人の行動を観察し,それを一定の数量尺度またはカテゴリー・システムによって記述するための系統的手順である〉と定義し,最大量の動作をみるものと典型的動作をみるものに二大別している。歴史的にはキャッテルJ.M.Cattellがメンタル・テストという言葉を用いた(1890)のに始まるといってよいであろうが,今日では検査(テスト)と呼ぶよりはアセスメントと表現され,個人や集団を理解するために特定の技法を系統的に用い,相談や治療,教育の方向づけを的確に進めることに貢献している。
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