A method of trading at a stock exchange. The Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (and the Cabinet Office Ordinance on Transactions and their Security Deposits Prescribed in Article 161-2 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act) stipulates that a securities transaction is a transaction in which a securities company provides credit to a customer. Currently, there are three types of transactions based on the difference in the settlement date for stock transactions: regular transactions, same-day settlement transactions, and when-issued transactions. Regular transactions are the mainstream, but margin trading is one of the settlement methods for regular transactions. A customer deposits a certain amount of margin to receive credit, sells or buys on credit, and on the delivery date, they borrow the purchase price or the selling stock certificates from the securities company and settle the transaction as a regular transaction. The lending relationship with the securities company is settled within a set period (maximum six months for systematic margin trading, but no time limit for general margin trading) by settling the difference between the purchase price and the selling price by a counter transaction, or in the case of a margin purchase, the purchase price is paid and the actual shares are collected (cash receipt), or in the case of a margin sale, the selling stock is delivered (cash delivery). Margin trading is modeled on American margin trading, and is also known as margin trading in the Kansai region. Although margin trading is physical trading, it can actually involve short selling and short buying, making it a speculative transaction. It was implemented in June 1951 (Showa 26) to replace the liquidation transactions used before World War II. It was intended to facilitate and expand distribution by creating virtual supply and demand in the securities market. Margin trading is premised on the provision of credit by securities dealers, but since individual securities dealers cannot meet all customer demand, securities finance companies have been established as financial institutions that provide the loans or stock lending necessary to provide credit. [Atsushi Oketa and Takuo Maeda] [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
証券取引所における取引方法の一つ。金融商品取引法(および金融商品取引法第161条の2に規定する取引およびその保証金に関する内閣府令)では、証券会社が顧客に信用を供与して行う有価証券の売買であると規定されている。現在、株式売買における決済日の違いに基づく取引の種類には、普通取引、当日決済取引、発行日決済取引の3種類があり、普通取引がその中心となっているが、信用取引は、普通取引の決済方法の一つである。顧客は一定の委託保証金を積んで信用供与を受け、信用売り・信用買いを行い、受渡日に証券会社から買い代金または売り株券を借りて、普通取引として決済を済ませる。証券会社との貸借関係は、定められた期間内(制度信用取引の場合は最長6か月であるが、一般信用取引の場合には期限の定めはない)に反対売買によって売買差金を決済するか、あるいは信用買いの場合は買付け代金を支払い、現株を引き取る(現引き)か、信用売りの場合は売り株式を引き渡す(現渡し)かの方法で決済する。信用取引はアメリカの証拠金取引に倣ったもので、関西ではマージン取引ともよばれている。信用取引は実物取引とはいっても、実際には空(から)売り・空買いができるので投機性をもった取引といえる。第二次世界大戦前の清算取引にかわって、1951年(昭和26)6月から実施された。証券市場に仮需給をおこさせることによって、流通面での円滑化や拡大を図ったものである。信用取引は証券業者の信用供与が前提であるが、個々の証券業者は顧客のすべての需要に応ずることができないから、信用供与に必要な融資または貸し株を行う金融機関として、証券金融会社が設けられている。 [桶田 篤・前田拓生] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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