A sub-provincial city (a prefecture-level city with autonomy equivalent to a province) in the central part of Liaoning Province, China, and the capital of the province. Formerly called Fengtian, its abbreviated name is Shen. It governs 10 city districts and 2 counties: Heping, Shenhe, Dadong, Huanggu, Tiexi, Sujiatun, Hunnan, Yuhong, Liaozhong, and Shenbei New District, and acts as the deputy governor for Xinmin City (as of 2017). Population: 7.304 million, city district population: 5.299 million (2015). It is the largest comprehensive industrial city in the northeastern region, and is the political, economic, and cultural center of the region, as well as a transportation hub. The average annual temperature is 8.5℃, and the average annual precipitation is 725.5mm. The city has sister city relationships with Sapporo, Kawasaki, and Hamamatsu. [Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018] historySince ancient times, it has been a place of struggle between the northern nomadic tribes and the Han people. During the Ming Dynasty, Shenyang Zhongwei was established here, and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the Manchu people rose to power, Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, made it his capital in 1625 and called it Shengjing. After the capital was moved to Beijing in 1644, it became a secondary capital. For this reason, the Shengjing General was established here, and the Fengtian Prefecture was also established as a separate civil administration institution. For this reason, Shenyang has often since been called Fengtian. At the end of the 19th century, when Russia and Japan advanced into the Northeast, Shenyang became an important target. In the 1920s, the warlord Zhang Zuolin used this area as his base of operations to control the entire Northeast, and was known as the Fengtian Warlord. In 1931 (Showa 6), the Kwantung Army played a central role in the railway bombing incident at Liutiaohu (now Datong Ward) in the northern outskirts of Shenyang (Liutiaohu Incident). This incident triggered the Manchurian Incident, and the following year in 1932, the Japanese puppet state of "Manchukuo" was established. During the "Manchukuo" period, Japan established heavy industry, and the Shenyang region became one of China's leading heavy industrial regions. To Europeans, it is known as Mukden, a name derived from the Manchu language. [Kurahashi Masanao, January 19, 2018] Industry and TransportationThe city is surrounded by coal, oil shale, iron, and copper production areas, and is close to the steel city of Anshan and the coal city of Fushun. With these as a backdrop, heavy industry has developed, particularly in the machinery industry, and is home to major companies such as the Shenyang Aircraft Industrial Group, famous for manufacturing fighter planes, the automobile manufacturer Brilliance Automobile Group, and the large machinery manufacturer Beifang Heavy Industries Group. Other thriving industries include metallurgy, chemicals, building materials, spinning, papermaking, and food processing. In terms of transportation, the city is served by the Jingha Line and the Harbin-Dalian Line, and is also the starting point of the Shenyang-Jilin Line, Shenyang-Dandong Line, and Shenyang-Dalian Line, with expressways extending in all directions from the city as a hub. In the southeast of the city, there is Shenyang Taoxian International Airport, with air routes extending to more than 30 cities in the country, as well as connecting with Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and other countries. [Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018] Culture and TourismIn the city, there are higher education institutions and cultural facilities such as Liaoning University, Northeast University, Shenyang Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Library, Liaoning Provincial History Museum, Liaoning Industrial Exhibition Center, Liaoning Gymnasium, and Liaoning Art Theater, and parks such as Zhongshan Park and Nanhu Park are located throughout the city. The Tiexi District in the west is an industrial area with many factories, high-rise housing for workers, as well as the Workers' Cultural Palace and Labor Park. Historical sites include the Shenyang Imperial Palace, the first imperial palace of the Qing Dynasty, which was added to the list of cultural heritage sites of the World Heritage Sites in 2004 as a component part of the "Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang" (World Cultural Heritage). Other sites include the Eastern Tomb, the tomb of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing Dynasty; the Northern Tomb, the tomb of Hong Taiji, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty; and the Zhang Family Marshal's Mansion, the official residence of Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Xueliang, father and son. A Japanese consulate is located there, but in May 2002, an incident occurred in which a North Korean asylum seeker fled to the consulate. [Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018] [Reference items] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、遼寧(りょうねい)省中部の副省級市(省と同程度の自主権を与えられた地級市)で、同省の省都。旧称奉天(ほうてん)。略称は瀋。和平(わへい)、瀋河(しんが)、大東(だいとう)、皇姑(こうこ)、鉄西(てつせい)、蘇家屯(そかとん)、渾南(こんなん)、于洪(うこう)、遼中(りょうちゅう)、瀋北(しんほく)新区の10市轄区と2県を管轄し、新民(しんみん)市の管轄代行を行う(2017年時点)。人口730万4000、市轄区人口529万9000(2015)。東北地区最大の総合工業都市であるとともに、同地区の政治、経済、文化の中心で、交通上の中枢ともなっている。年平均気温は8.5℃、年降水量は725.5ミリメートル。札幌市、川崎市、浜松市と姉妹都市提携を結ぶ。 [浅井辰郎・編集部 2018年1月19日] 歴史古くから北方遊牧民族と漢民族との争奪の地であった。明(みん)のとき瀋陽中衛が置かれ、明末、満洲(まんしゅう)族が興ると清(しん)の太祖ヌルハチは1625年、ここを都とし盛京(せいけい)とよんだ。1644年の北京(ペキン)遷都後は陪都(ばいと)とされた。このため盛京将軍が置かれ、別に民政機関として奉天府も設置された。このことから瀋陽は以後しばしば奉天ともよばれるようになった。 19世紀末、ロシア、日本が東北に進出すると、瀋陽はその重要な目標となった。1920年代、軍閥張作霖(ちょうさくりん)はここを根拠として全東北を支配したので奉天軍閥とよばれた。1931年(昭和6)、関東軍が中心となって瀋陽北郊の柳条湖(現、大東区)で鉄道爆破事件を起こした(柳条湖事件)。事件を発端に満州事変が勃発し、翌1932年には日本の傀儡(かいらい)国家である「満州国」が成立している。「満州国」時代に日本が重工業をおこしたこともあって、瀋陽地方は中国有数の重工業地帯となった。 なお、ヨーロッパ人には、満州語に由来するムクデンMukdenの名で知られている。 [倉橋正直 2018年1月19日] 産業・交通周辺に石炭、油母頁岩(ゆぼけつがん)、鉄、銅の産地をもち、近隣には鉄鋼の鞍山(あんざん)市、石炭の撫順(ぶじゅん)市を控える。これらを背景として、機械工業を中心に重工業が発達しており、戦闘機製造で有名な瀋陽飛機工業集団、自動車メーカーの華晨(かしん)汽車集団、大型機械メーカーの北方重工集団などの大手企業を擁する。このほか、冶金、化学、建築材料、紡績、製紙、食品加工なども盛んである。 交通では、京哈(けいは)線および哈大線(ハルビン―大連(だいれん))が通じるうえに、瀋吉線(瀋陽―吉林(きつりん))、瀋丹線(瀋陽―丹東(たんとう))、瀋大線の起点となり、自動車道も市を結節点として八方に広がる。市街の南東部には瀋陽桃仙国際空港があり、航空路が国内30以上の都市へ延びるほか、日本、韓国、北朝鮮などの国とも結ばれている。 [浅井辰郎・編集部 2018年1月19日] 文化・観光市街地には、遼寧大学、東北大学、瀋陽医学院、遼寧省図書館、遼寧省歴史博物館、遼寧工業展覧館、遼寧体育館、遼寧芸術劇場などの高等教育機関、文化施設が置かれ、中山公園、南湖公園をはじめとして公園が各所に設けられている。また西部の鉄西区は工業地域で、多数の工場、労働者の高層住宅のほか、工人文化宮や労働公園がある。 史跡としては、清初の宮城であった瀋陽故宮があり、2004年「北京と瀋陽の明・清朝の皇宮群」の構成資産として世界遺産の文化遺産に追加登録された(世界文化遺産)。このほか、清の太祖ヌルハチの墓の東陵、清の太宗ホンタイジの墓の北陵、張作霖・張学良(ちょうがくりょう)父子の官邸であった張氏帥府などがある。 日本の領事館が設置されているが、2002年5月、その領事館に北朝鮮からの亡命希望者が逃げこむという事件が発生した。 [浅井辰郎・編集部 2018年1月19日] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Crime of defamation - shin'yokisonzai
A polynomial in several variables x1 , x2 , ... , ...
An old town in Hikami County in the upper reaches ...
…(f) taillé: Various vegetables are cut into the ...
A long, narrow corridor that bends and surrounds ...
…It is lighter than a road roller and is effectiv...
...Incidentally, this is because it is extremely ...
A basic concept that defines the ancient Egyptian ...
… Baths became commonplace and gained importance ...
…Her name means “good goddess.” Her real name was...
A blue cobalt pigment used in blue and white dyein...
A peasant uprising that began in the Gunnai region...
…In the meantime, Wilhelm Kühne (1837-1900) gave ...
The science of studying the ocean. Its research su...
A children's story by Miyazawa Kenji. Unpubli...
The Aokata clan is a local Fujiwara clan whose ma...