Nightingale, Florence

Japanese: ナイチンゲール（英語表記）Nightingale， Florence

Born: May 12, 1820, Florence
[Died] August 13, 1910, London. British nurse, hospital and medical reformer. She grew up as the daughter of a wealthy British family and received her nursing education at the Protestant Diaconisse College in Kaiserswerth, Germany. After 1844, she developed a strong interest in medical facilities and visited various parts of Europe and Egypt, and in 1853 became head nurse at the Ladies Hospital in London. In 1854, after learning of the devastation of the Crimean War, she took 38 nurses to the field hospital in Scutari, Istanbul. She revolutionized medical efficiency by establishing a system of nurses, centralizing the management of medical supplies, and treating wastewater, and was called "The Lady with the Lamp." After returning to England in 1856, she directly proposed hospital reform to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and in 1860 established the Nightingale Home for Nurses at St. Thomas' Hospital in London, where she provided modern nursing education. Although she remained in bed until her death at the age of 90, she was always a mentor to many organizations in the country, including the British Army, who sought her advice on hospital management and army sanitation. She was also often sought out by foreign governments, not just domestically.

Nightingale

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Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1820.5.12. フィレンツェ
[没]1910.8.13. ロンドン
イギリスの看護師，病院および医療制度の改革者。イギリスの富裕な家庭の娘として成長，ドイツのカイゼルスウェルトのプロテスタント・ディアコニッセ学院で看護師教育を受けた。 1844年以後，医療施設に強い関心をもち，ヨーロッパ，エジプト各地を見学，1853年ロンドン淑女病院看護師長になった。 1854年クリミア戦争の惨状を知り，イスタンブールのスクタリの野戦病院に 38人の看護師を連れて赴任。看護師の職制の確立，医療補給の集中管理，汚水処理などによって医療効率を一新して「光明婦人」 The Lady with the Lampと呼ばれた。帰国後の 1856年にはイギリス女王ビクトリアに直接，病院改革案を献策，また 1860年にはロンドンのセントトマス病院にナイチンゲール看護師養成所 Nightingale Homeを創設して近代的な看護教育を施した。以後，90歳で生涯を終えるまで病床にあったが，病院管理や陸軍衛生管理について，イギリス陸軍をはじめ，国内の各組織から意見を求められ，常によき指導者であった。国内のみならず，外国政府も彼女に教示を求めるものが多かった。