Sistine Chapel - Cappella Sistina

Japanese: システィナ礼拝堂 - しすてぃなれいはいどう(英語表記)Cappella Sistina
Sistine Chapel - Cappella Sistina

This chapel is located in the Vatican, Rome. It is also known as the venue for the Papal Conclave. It was originally built in 1278 at the suggestion of Pope Nicholas III as a chapel exclusively for the Pope, but was later completely remodeled between 1473 and 1481 by Giovanni de' Dolci, acting on the wishes of Pope Sixtus IV, to create a vast chapel measuring 40.5 x 13.2 meters and with a ceiling height of 20.7 meters. Reflecting the political turmoil of the time, its structure was designed to function both as a chapel and a fortress. The fence that divides the interior was a joint work by Mino da Fiesole, Giovanni d'Armata and Andrea Bregno. The murals were painted between 1481 and 1483 by Cosimo Rosselli, Botticelli, Ghirlandaio, and Perugino (later joined by Signorelli and Pintricchio). Facing the altar, six panels depict "The Life of Moses" on the left side, and six panels depict "The Life of Christ" on the right side. Above the murals, on either side of the high window, are statues of 24 popes standing in niches, which were created by Ghirlandaio, Botticelli, and Fra Diamante.

Michelangelo's ceiling painting was started in 1508 by order of Pope Julius II and completed in 1512. Michelangelo first drew an architectural design to divide the ceiling, then painted the story of Genesis in nine vertically connected rectangular frames in the center. He then placed 12 monumental seated figures of prophets and priestesses around it, and painted 20 nude figures of young men where these connect to the story of Genesis. He also painted the ancestors of Christ and decorative sculptures, and created a unified composition for the entire complex screen.

"The Last Judgement," which can be seen behind the altar of the same chapel, was also completed by Michelangelo at the behest of Pope Paul III. Inspired by Dante's "Divine Comedy," this work boldly expresses the artist's own religious views. The judge Christ and Mary are placed slightly above the center of the screen, surrounded by angels on the upper level, prophets, priestesses, apostles, and martyrs on the middle level, those who fall into hell and those in hell on the lower right, and those rising from the tomb to heaven on the left, creating an arrangement reminiscent of a giant relief.

The Vatican City, where this chapel is located, was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1984 (World Cultural Heritage).

[Katsuya Hamatani]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

バチカン市国、ローマ教皇庁内にある礼拝堂。教皇選挙会(コンクラーベ)の会場にあてられることでもよく知られている。初め教皇専用の礼拝堂として、1278年ニコラウス3世の提案によって造営されたが、その後シクストゥス4世の意向を受けたジョバンニ・デ・ドルチによって、1473~81年に全面的に改築され、40.5×13.2メートルの長方形、天井の高さ20.7メートルという広壮な礼拝堂となった。当時の政治上の混乱を反映して、礼拝堂と城砦(じょうさい)の機能を兼ねうる構造になっている。堂内を二分する障柵(しょうさく)はミーノ・ダ・フィエーゾレ、ジョバンニ・ダルマータおよびアンドレア・ブレーニョの共作である。壁画はコジモ・ロッセリ、ボッティチェッリ、ギルランダイヨ、ペルジーノ(のちにシニョレッリ、ピントリッキョらが加わる)によって1481~83年に制作された。祭壇に向かって左側には『モーセの生涯』、右側には『キリストの生涯』が6面ずつ描かれている。壁画の上の高窓の左右には、それぞれニッチ(龕(がん))の中に立つ計24人の教皇像が描かれているが、この制作にはギルランダイヨ、ボッティチェッリ、フラ・ディアマンテらが従事した。

 ミケランジェロによる天井画はユリウス2世の命により1508年に着手、12年に完成されている。ミケランジェロはまず建築的デザインを描いて天井を区画し、中央部を縦に連続する九つの長方形の枠内に創世記物語を描いた。次にそれを取り巻くように12人のモニュメンタルな預言者と巫女(みこ)の坐像(ざぞう)を配し、これらが創世記物語と連接する位置に20体の青年の裸像を描いている。そのうえさらにキリストの先祖たちや装飾彫刻まで描き込み、しかも複雑な画面全体を統一的に構成したのである。

 同じ礼拝堂の祭壇の背後にみる『最後の審判』はパウルス3世の命で、やはりミケランジェロの手で完成。ダンテの『神曲』から構想を得て、制作者自身の宗教観を大胆に造形化した作品。画面中央やや上部に審判者キリストとマリアを配置し、これを取り囲んで上段は天使、中段は預言者、巫女、使徒、殉教者、下段右側は地獄に堕(お)ちる者と地獄、左側は墓から出て天国に昇る者という布置であり、巨大な浮彫りを思わせる画面である。

 なお、この礼拝堂のあるバチカン市国は1984年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。

[濱谷勝也]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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