topheth

Japanese: topheth
topheth

…the word Gehenna comes from the Valley of Hinnom, mentioned in Nehemiah 11:30, or the Valley of Ben-Hinnom, mentioned in Joshua 15:8 and 18:16. The valley surrounds Jerusalem on the south side and was originally at the entrance to the Bin-King Gate, as seen in Jeremiah 19:2. It was the place where infants were burned as sacrifices to Baal and Moloch, and where afterwards all the rubbish of the city, animals, and the corpses of sinners, were thrown out, and where a fire was constantly burning to burn them. Such evil omens of the valley led to Gehenna being the typical Christian name for hell, as Milton sings in Book I of Paradise Lost: "And he deceived the wise heart of Solomon, and built his temple upon that unholy mountain, opposite the house of God, and made fair Hinnom his forest; and thenceforth he received the appellation of Topheth, or black Gehenna, a type of hell."
[Hades in the New Testament]
In the New Testament, Hades is used as the place where the spirits of the dead go, and Gehenna is the place where the wicked receive eternal punishment.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "topheth" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ゲヘナは《ネヘミヤ記》11章30節に出ている〈ヒンノムの谷〉,または《ヨシュア記》15章8節,18章16節に出ている〈ベン・ヒンノムの谷〉からきた語で,谷はエルサレムの南をめぐり,《エレミヤ書》19章2節に見えているように,もと瀬戸かけの門の入口にあり,そこではバアルやモロクへの犠牲として幼児が焼かれ,のちには町のあらゆるがらくたや,動物および罪人の死体などが投げすてられ,それらを焼くためにいつも火の絶えなかった場所である。この谷のもつこうした凶兆が,ミルトンの《失楽園》第1巻で,〈ソロモンのげにも賢い心をあざむき,神の宮の真むこうに,あの不浄の山に宮を造り,美しいヒンノムの谷をわが森としたので,それ以来トペテtophethまたは黒いゲヘナの呼称をえ,地獄の型となる〉と歌われているように,ゲヘナをキリスト教の代表的な地獄の呼び名にした。
[新約聖書の〈ハデス〉]
 新約聖書では,死者の霊の赴くところとしてはハデスが用いられ,悪しき者が永遠の刑罰を受ける場所としてはゲヘナがあてられる。…

※「topheth」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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