In the broadest sense, human experimentation refers to experiments on living humans. Human experimentation poses the risk of causing serious damage or violation to the life, body, mind, and human rights of the subjects, so strict caution and careful planning are essential when conducting such experiments. In order to prosecute doctors and other people involved in human experimentation at the Nuremberg Trials in 1947, the basic principles to be observed in human experimentation were established as the Nuremberg Code. The Code stipulates matters to be observed, such as the qualifications of those conducting the experiments and preparations for emergencies, but the most essential principle is the voluntary consent of the subjects and the provision of sufficient information to do so. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
広義には生きている人間に対する実験を人体実験という。人体実験は,被験者の生命,身体,精神,人権に対する重大な損傷,侵害をもたらす危険があるので,その実施にあたっては厳重な注意と慎重な計画が不可欠である。そこで,ニュルンベルク裁判において人体実験を行った医師ら関係者を裁くため,1947年人体実験において守られるべき基本的原則が〈ニュルンベルク綱領〉として定められている。綱領では,実験担当者の資格や緊急の場合に対する準備など遵守事項を定めているが,最も本質的な原則は,被験者の自発的同意とそのための十分なる情報提供である。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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