Skull - Toukotsu

Japanese: 頭骨 - とうこつ

Also called the skull. The skeleton of the head of a vertebrate. It is made up of many bones, and in a broad sense it includes the mandible, hyoid bone, and gill bones, but in a narrow sense it does not include them. In the broad sense, the human skull has 23 bones of 15 types: the temporal bone, parietal bone, lacrimal bone, nasal bone, inferior turbinate, maxilla, palatine bone, cheek bone (all in pairs on the left and right), frontal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, vomer, mandible, and hyoid bone. With the exception of the mandible, all bones are immovably connected by interlocking sutures. The upper hemispherical part is called the braincase (neurocranium) and has a cranial cavity inside which the brain is placed. The uneven part at the front and lower part is called the facial skull (viscerocranium), and contains the origins of the digestive and respiratory systems. The underside is the base of the skull, which has many holes through which nerves and blood vessels pass.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

頭蓋(とうがい)／(ずがい)とも。脊椎動物の頭部の骨格。多数の骨からなり，広義には下顎(がく)骨，舌骨，えらの骨などを含み，狭義にはそれらを含まない。広義のヒトの頭骨は15種23個で，側頭骨，頭頂骨，涙骨，鼻骨，下鼻甲介，上顎骨，口蓋骨，頬(きょう)骨（以上左右１対），前頭骨，後頭骨，蝶(ちょう)形骨，篩(し)骨，鋤(じょ)骨，下顎骨，舌骨である。下顎骨以外は，骨がかみあった縫合で不動性に連結する。上部の半球形の部を脳頭蓋（神経頭蓋）といい，内部に脳を入れる頭蓋腔をもつ。前下部の凹凸に富む部分を顔面頭蓋（内臓頭蓋）といい，消化・呼吸器の起始部を収める。下面は頭蓋底で，神経や血管の通る多くの孔をもつ。

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