Truth - Shindai

A Buddhist monk from India who translated Buddhist scriptures. His Sanskrit name was Paramārtha. He was born in Ujjain, western India. While residing in Jiaozhou (Hanoi), he was invited by Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty (Xiao Yan) to travel to China, and passed through Guangzhou, arriving in Jiankang (Nanjing) in 548. However, due to the turmoil at the end of the Liang dynasty, he was forced to wander around Fuchun in Wu, Yuzhang in Jiangxi, Nankang, and Shixing, and had many hardships without sufficient places to translate. In 558, he went from Yuzhang to Jin'an on the east coast, and then tried to return west via Nanyue, but did not get the chance. He set sail in 562, but landed again in Guangzhou due to a typhoon. Fortunately, under the protection of the Guangzhou governor Ouyang (498-563) and his son, he was able to finally find peace and passed away in 569 at the age of 71.

During this time, he is said to have written about 50 volumes and 120 volumes of translations, as well as commentaries on sutras and treatises, but only 30 volumes remain, including the "Ketsujozoron," "The Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana," "The Golden Light Sutra" (parts), "The Sutra of Supreme Reliance," "The Buddha Nature Treatise," "The Middle Discrimination Treatise," "The Precious King Right Discourse," "Commentary on the Mahayana Treatise," and "Commentary on the Abhidharma Discussion." Of these, Zhenji made the translation and commentary of the "Commentary on the Mahayana Treatise" his lifelong mission, and the Shoron sect was later born among his disciples. Although he was later criticized by Xuanzang, his great achievement was that he was the first to introduce the full picture of the Yogacara theory of Asanga and Vasubandhu to China.

[Naomichi Takasaki November 18, 2016]

"Indian Philosophical Studies, Volume 6, by Hakuju Ui (1930, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

インド出身の訳経僧。サンスクリット名パラマールタParamārtha。西インド、ウジャインの出身。交州(こうしゅう)（ハノイ）在留中、梁(りょう)の武帝（蕭衍(しょうえん)）の招聘(しょうへい)に応じて中国に渡り、広州を経て、548年建康(けんこう)（南京(ナンキン)）に到着した。しかし、おりから梁末の動乱で、呉の富春(ふしゅん)、江西(こうせい)の予章(よしょう)、南康(なんこう)、始興(しこう)などに流浪を余儀なくされ、十分な訳場(やくじょう)も用意されずに苦労を重ねた。558年、予章から東海岸の晋安(しんあん)に赴き、ついで南越(なんえつ)を経て西帰しようとしたが機会を得ず、562年出航したものの台風のため広州に再上陸した。さいわい広州刺史(しし)欧陽(おうようぎ)（498―563）父子の保護を得て、ようやく安住し、569年71歳で示寂した。

　この間、およそ50部120巻の翻訳と、経論の釈疏(しゃくしょ)などの著述があると伝えるが、現存するのは『決定蔵論(けつじょうぞうろん)』『大乗起信論(だいじょうきしんろん)』『金光明経(こんこうみょうきょう)』（一部）、『無上依経(むじょうえきょう)』『仏性論(ぶっしょうろん)』『中辺分別論(ちゅうへんふんべつろん)』『宝行王正論(ほうぎょうおうしょうろん)』『摂大乗論釈論(しょうだいじょうろんしゃくろん)』『倶舎論釈論(くしゃろんしゃくろん)』など30部である。真諦はこのうち『摂大乗論』の訳出と講釈を畢生(ひっせい)の任務とし、その弟子たちの間からのちに摂論(しょうろん)宗が生まれた。のちに玄奘(げんじょう)から批判されたとはいえ、無著(むじゃく)・世親(せしん)の唯識(ゆいしき)説の全貌(ぜんぼう)を最初に中国に伝えた点で、彼の功績は大きい。

［高崎直道　2016年11月18日］

『宇井伯寿著『印度哲学研究　第6巻』（1930・岩波書店）』

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