Random - Shindai

Japanese: 身代 - しんだい

〘noun〙 (Perhaps a variation of "shintai" (progress and retreat). Also written as "mi-tai" or "mi-bukuro") 1. All the property owned by an individual or a family. All of the land, house, treasure, and other assets owned by that person. All property. Personal status . *Ukiyo-zoshi, Nihon Eitaigura (1688), 2 "When one possesses gold and silver, they are like tiles and stones. There is no possession more valuable than a personal bag (shindai) ." 2. The state of possessing property. The financial condition of an individual or family. Livelihood. Living arrangement. Personal status. *Toraakirahon Kyogen, Kaminari (late Muromachi period - early early modern period) "A person of good character like us will not be allowed to take anything from the people of Shindai." 3. The position of possessing property, salary, etc. Status. Position. Circumstances. Personal status. ※Kanazoshi, Mi no Kagami (Mirror of the Body ) (1659), Vol. 2: “The poor and lowly consider beauty and the future of their bodies. This is what is called knowing one’s place in life.” [Essay] (1) Currently, the term “shindai” is generally used, but this term has not necessarily become established in the distant future; in the early modern period, other terms such as “mi fukuro” and “tai” could also be seen.
(2) The original pronunciation of the character "shintai" which is said to be the origin of the word was "shintai", but in the Middle Ages it changed to "shindai" due to rendaku. The meaning of the character also derives from the original meaning of advancing and retreating, as well as posture, behavior, and the way one conducts oneself, to the meaning of treating land and people as one wishes, and from there it also came to express the meaning of property. As for the writing, it seems that "mi-bukuro" (body bag), "tai" (body), and "mi-dai" (living cost) which are reminiscent of property belonging to oneself based on the literal meaning, came to be used.
(3) In the "Wa-Ei Rin-Shusei (First Edition)" and other dictionaries from the Meiji period, many of them use the character "shindai" in the heading, which continues to this day.

Ransomware

〘noun〙① The price for buying and selling a person. The price paid for selling one's body. Minoshirokin. ※Konoe Family Honshikimoku Supplementary Articles - Kencho 5th year (1253) October 1st "In the _above , when there is a limit to the amount _{of money} _that can be exchanged, it is stipulated that the person _{_{be ordered}} to _give up their _money and _take _their _place ." ② Hostage. ※Sagara Family Documents - Kencho 1st year (1249) July 13th, Kanto Order "In exchange for the money, the person _is _ordered to take _two _women , _one for each person." ③ Money or goods given in exchange for a person. ④ Salary. ※Kabuki - Korean Chinese Techniques (Killing Chinese People) (1789) 2 "He handed over the stamps and said, 'That's your current money.' "

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙 (「進退」の転じたものか。「身躰」「身袋」などとも書く)① 個人、または一家が有する、すべての財産。その身が持つ土地・家屋・財宝その他の資産全部。全財産。身上(しんしょう)。※浮世草子・日本永代蔵（1688）二「金銀も有所には、瓦石のごとし。身袋(シンダイ)程高下の有物はなし」② 財産を有している状態。個人または一家の財政状態。生計。暮らしむき。身上。※虎明本狂言・神鳴（室町末‐近世初）「われらが様なるやぶぐすしには、しんだいのよひものはみゃくをとらせもいたさぬ」③ 財産・俸祿などを所有する立場。身分。地位。境遇。身上。※仮名草子・身の鏡（1659）下「貧賤はまた美麗をのぞき、身躰(シンダイ)の以来つづくべき思案をする。是を身の程を知たると云べし」[語誌](1)現在、一般に「身代」の表記が用いられているが、この表記の定着は必ずしも古いものではなく、近世には「身袋」「身体」などの表記も見られる。
(2)語源とされている「進退」の字音は本来シンタイであるが、中世には連濁によって「シンダイ」と転じる。意味も、本来の進むことと退くこと、また立ち居振舞、自分の身の処し方などから、自分の思うままに土地や人間を扱うの意が派生し、そこから財産の意をも表わすようになる。表記としては、字義から身に属する財産を連想させる「身袋」「身体」「身代」などが使用されるようになったものか。
(3)「和英語林集成（初版）」以下明治時代の辞書類では、見出しに「身代」の字を当てるものが多く、これが現在に続いている。

み‐の‐しろ【身代】

〘名〙① 人身売買の代金。身を売った代金。みのしろきん。※近衛家本式目追加条々‐建長五年（1253）一〇月一日「右、対_二捍有_レ限所当公事_一之時、為_レ令_レ致_二其辨_一、令_レ取_二身代_一之条定法也」② 人質。※相良家文書‐建長元年（1249）七月一三日・関東下知状「為_二身代_一令_レ取_二女壱人_一畢」③ 人と引きかえに受け渡す金品。④ 給金。※歌舞伎・韓人漢文手管始（唐人殺し）（1789）二「『それ、当座の身の代(しロ)』と切手を放る」

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